A5046514885- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Sex work and related issues
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Public Administration and Political Analysis
- Law and Political Science
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Sexual function and dysfunction studies
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
2025
Northwestern University
2015-2024
University of Rochester Medical Center
2003-2019
Portland State University
2019
University of Washington Bothell
2019
AIDS Clinical Trials Group
2018
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2015
Office of Infectious Diseases
1994-2015
University of Washington
2012
University of Rochester
1997-2010
This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this as a Supplement. Background: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor–based antiretroviral therapy not suitable for all treatment-naive HIV-infected persons. Objective: To evaluate 3 nonnucleoside inhibitor–sparing initial regimens show equivalence virologic efficacy and tolerability. Design: A phase 3, open-label study randomized in 1:1:1 ratio with follow-up at least 96 weeks. (ClinicalTrials.gov:...
Background: Patients infected with HIV who experience increases in CD4+ cell counts are at reduced risk for opportunistic infections. However, the safety of discontinuing prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex has been uncertain. Objective: To compare rate M. infection patients increased receive azithromycin and those receiving placebo. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: 29 university-based clinical centers United States. Participants: 643...
Pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and transdermally delivered ethinyl estradiol (EE) norelgestromin (NGMN) are unknown.
Background: Antiretrovirals (ARVs) are recommended for maternal health and to reduce HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission, but suboptimal adherence can counteract its benefits. Objectives: To describe antepartum postpartum ARV regimens factors associated with adherence. Methods: We assessed rates among subjects enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 1025 from August 2002 July 2005 on tablet formulations at least one self-report assessment. Perfectly adherent reported no...
Observational studies have examined the prevalence and impact of internalized stigma among African American women living with HIV, but there are no intervention investigating reduction strategies in this population. Based on qualitative data previously collected, we adapted International Center for Research Women's HIV Stigma Toolkit a domestic population to be consistent Corrigan's principles strategic change. We implemented intervention, led by an woman as workshop across two afternoons....
Background. Levonorgestrel subdermal implants are preferred contraceptives with an expected failure rate of <1% over 5 years. We assessed the effect efavirenz- or nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) coadministration on levonorgestrel pharmacokinetics.
Background and Objective: The reasons for minority underrepresentation in HIV/AIDS clinical trials remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, experience, factors that influence participation studies United States. Methods: An anonymous, bilingual, self-administered survey on study was given HIV-infected adults attending AIDS Clinical Trials Group–affiliated clinics States Puerto Rico. Chi-square tests were used differences by race, first language, level of education. Logistic...
Background. Metabolic effects following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) vary by regimen type. Changes in metabolic were assessed cART the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5257 study, and correlated with plasma ritonavir trough concentrations (C24).
Background: Women progress to death at the same rate as men despite lower plasma HIV RNA (viral load). We investigated sex-specific differences in immune activation and inflammation a potential explanation. Methods: Inflammatory markers [interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ–induced protein 10, C-reactive (CRP), lipopolysaccharide, sCD14] were measured weeks 0, 24, 48 after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) random subcohort (n = 215) who achieved virologic...
Objective: African-American women are more likely than other in the United States to experience poor HIV-related health; HIV stigma may contribute these outcomes. This study assessed relationship between and viral load, over time, among a sample of receiving treatment for HIV, explored social support depressive symptoms as mediators. Design: Secondary analysis longitudinal data. Methods: Data came from randomized trial an intervention reduce care Chicago, Illinois Birmingham, Alabama....
To assess how antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during acute or early HIV infection (AEHI) affects the viral reservoir and host immune responses.
We conducted a multicenter, prospective study of the risk factors, natural history, and outcome fluconazole-refractory mucosal candidiasis (FRMC) in 832 persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (median CD4 cell count, 14/mm3) during 1994–1996. FRMC was defined as that failed to resolve despite 14 days therapy daily doses (≥200 mg) fluconazole. Thirty-six (4.3%) had (35, oral; 1, esophageal), for an incidence 4.2 per 100 person-years (859.7 total years follow-up). In...
The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vivo the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a measure efficiency antiviral immunity. In study patients with chronic, ART-suppressed HIV infection, AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5068 investigated effects immunization an exogenous vaccine and pulse exposure subject's unique viral epitopes, by means structured treatment interruptions (STIs), on dynamics rebound during subsequent analytical interruption (ATI)....
Introduction: HIV can damage neurons leading to cognitive impairment. Epidemiological observations suggest that neuropsychological impairment might progress despite successful HAART therapy, but available prevalence estimates are based on populations were selected for Methods: Of 433 advanced AIDS patients with documented immune reconstitution (CD4 lymphocyte counts < 50 before and > 100 cells/μl after HAART), 286 had brief assessments of cognition (Trailmaking A/B Digit Symbol Tests) at...
Abstract Drug and alcohol use have been associated with a worse prognosis in short-term cross-sectional analyses of HIV-infected populations, but longitudinal effects on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinical outcomes advanced AIDS are less well characterized. We assessed self-reported drug patients, examined their association non-adherence death or disease progression multicenter observational study. defined as reporting missed ART doses the 48 hours before study visits. The...
Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with genital HIV-1 shedding; however, the effect of specific vaginal bacterial species not assessed. We tested cervicovaginal lavage from HIV-1-seropositive women for common Lactobacillus species: L. crispatus, jensenii, and seven BV-associated BVAB1, BVAB2, BVAB3, Leptotrichia, Sneathia, Megasphaera, Atopobium spp. using quantitative PCR. used linear Poisson regression to evaluate associations between bacteria RNA DNA. Specimens 54 U.S. (310 visits)...
Immune function was observed for 144 weeks in 643 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected subjects who (1) had nadir CD4+ cell counts of <50 cells/mm3, followed by a sustained increase to ⩾100 cells/mm3 after the initiation HAART, and (2) were enrolled randomized trial continued azithromycin prophylaxis versus withdrawal prevention Mycobacterium avium complex disease. The median count 226 at entry 358 week 144. Anergy (80.2% patients) lack lymphoproliferative response tetanus toxoid (TT;...
Objective: This study describes the population of HIV-infected adults receiving care in rural areas United States and compares HIV received urban areas. Methods: Interviews were conducted with a nationally representative sample 367 health 2806 contiguous States. Results: We estimate that 4800 persons medical during first half 1996. Patients more likely than patients to receive from providers seeing few (<10) (38% vs. 3%; p < .001). Rural less have taken highly active antiretroviral agents...
We conducted an open-label, steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) study of drug interactions among HIV-infected women treated with depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) while on nucleoside analogues plus nelfinavir (N=21), efavirenz (N=17), or nevirapine (N=16); nucleosides only no antiretroviral therapy as a control group (N=16). PK parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis, between-group comparisons medroxyprogesterone (MPA) PKs and within-subject ARV before 4 weeks after...