A5012677170- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Infectious Diseases and Mycology
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis
2016-2025
Indian Council of Medical Research
2010-2025
Government of India
2022
World Health Organization
2021
World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia
2021
Anna University, Chennai
2018
Institute of Child Health
2017
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
2014
National Center for Disease Control
2013
Centre for Research in Medical Entomology
2013
Abstract Background Treatment success rates for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain low globally. Availability of newer drugs has given scope to develop regimens that can be patient-friendly, less toxic, with improved outcomes. We proposed determine the effectiveness an entirely oral, short-course regimen bedaquiline and delamanid in treating MDR-TB additional resistance fluoroquinolones (MDR-TBFQ+) or second-line injectable (MDR-TBSLI+). Methods prospectively determined safety...
Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) globally. Its impact on treatment outcomes poorly defined.We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB at 5 sites from 2015-2019. Using multivariable Poisson regression, we assessed associations between unfavorable and nutritional status based body mass index (BMI) initiation, BMI prior to disease, stunting, stagnant or declining after 2 months treatment. Unfavorable outcome was defined...
ABSTRACT We evaluated the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease on pharmacokinetics antituberculosis medications by measuring concentrations isoniazid and rifampin in blood pyrazinamide ethambutol urine. Peak concentration exposure were reduced for rifampin, rapid acetylators had lower drug levels. HIV HIV-tuberculosis patients who have diarrhea cryptosporidial infection exhibit decreased bioavailability drugs.
Background We retrospectively data-mined the case records of Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized to a tertiary care centre derive mortality predictors and formulate risk score, for prioritizing admission. Methods findings Data on clinical manifestations, comorbidities, vital signs, basic lab investigations collected as part routine medical management at admission in Chengalpattu, South India between May November 2020 were analysed...
The absorption of rifampin, isoniazid, and D-xylose in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diarrhea, HIV tuberculosis (TB), pulmonary TB alone, healthy subjects was studied. Percentage dose the drugs, their metabolites, excreted urine were calculated. A significant reduction drugs both infection/diarrhea infection/TB groups observed (P<.05), correlation between them significant. Our results indicate that diarrhea those have malabsorption rifampin isoniazid.
We compared the nutritional status of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection alone, HIV and tuberculosis (after completion antituberculosis treatment), HIV-negative found that malnutrition, anemia, hypoalbuminemia were most pronounced among HIV-positive patients tuberculosis. Weight loss was associated fat in female body cell mass male patients.
Nevirapine (NVP) can be safely and effectively administered once-daily but has not been assessed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with tuberculosis (TB). We studied the safety efficacy of NVP, compared efavirenz (EFV; standard therapy); both drugs were combination 2 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.An open-label, noninferiority, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at 3 sites southern India. HIV-infected TB treated a short-course anti-TB...
Introduction Shorter duration of treatment for the management drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) would be a significant improvement in care patients suffering from disease. Besides newer drugs and regimens, other modalities like host-directed therapy are also being suggested to reach this goal. This study’s objective is assess efficacy safety metformin-containing anti-TB (ATT) regimen comparison standard 6-month ATT with newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive drug-sensitive TB....
We investigated the influence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on unstimulated plasma levels a wide panel cytokines, chemokines, acute-phase proteins (APPs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and growth factors in group healthy elderly individuals (age, 60 to 80 years) at baseline (before vaccination) 1 month after as part our clinical study examine effect BCG COVID-19. Our results demonstrated that resulted diminished types 1, 2, 17 other proinflammatory cytokines type...
The risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease is higher in individuals with TB infection. In a endemic country like India, it essential to understand the current burden infection at population level. objective present analysis estimate prevalence India and explore factors associated infection.Individuals aged > 15 years recently completed National survey who were tested for by QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay considered this sub-analysis. was defined as positive QFT-Plus (value >0.35...
Background The optimal duration of preventive therapy for tuberculosis (TB) among HIV-infected persons in TB-endemic countries is unknown. Methods An open-label randomized clinical trial was performed and analyzed equivalence. Seven hundred twelve HIV-infected, ART-naïve patients without active TB were to receive either ethambutol 800 mg isoniazid 300 daily six-months (6EH) or 36-months (36H). Drugs dispensed fortnightly adherence checked by home visits. Patients had chest radiograph, sputum...
Introduction Tuberculosis disease (TB) remains an important global health threat. An evidence-based response, tailored to local epidemiology in high-burden countries, is key controlling the TB epidemic. Reliable surrogate biomarkers that predict active and latent infection outcomes are vital advancing clinical research necessary ‘End TB’. Well executed longitudinal studies strengthening capacity for addressing priorities biomarker discovery urgently needed. Methods analysis The Cohort...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that major source of illness, one the ten causes mortality worldwide, and largest cause death from single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. HIV infection TB are fatal combination, with each speeding up progression other. Barriers to integrated treatment as well safety concerns on co-management HIV- co-infection do exist. Many co-infected people require concomitant anti-retroviral therapy (ART) anti-TB medication, which increases survival...
Current knowledge on resistance-conferring determinants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is biased toward globally dominant lineages 2 and 4. In contrast, 1 3 are predominant India. this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 498 MDR M. isolates from India to determine the prevalence drug resistance mutations understand genomic diversity. A retrospective collection submitted National Institute for Research Tuberculosis phenotypic susceptibility testing between 2014 2016 were sequenced....
By encouraging treatment adherence and lowering mortality, dietary supplements can serve as adjuvant therapy for the success of medical interventions. We determined effect locally accessible food on outcomes, health-related quality life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis initiating anti-tuberculosis (ATT) Odisha, India.
The dynamic spectrum of TB often results in underdiagnosis warranting the need for better diagnostics to accurately detect Mtb diagnostically challenging cohorts. Household contacts newly diagnosed patients who developed (Progressors) and those remained healthy (Non-progressors) during a two-year follow-up cohort study were included. ccfDNA was detected plasma by targeting insertion sequences IS6110 IS1081 using ddPCR. assay yielded sensitivity 90.9% detecting subclinical cases 81.8%...
Optic neuritis (ON) is a rare , uncommon condition in the paediatric population and usually underlies viral cause. In comparison to adult population, optic (PON) occurs after acute febrile illness has bilateral nerve involvement .Visual loss as prominent symptom .Ocular pain less common. It relatively good visual prognosis with near 1 complete recovery. Mean age of occurrence 10 years female more affected than male. reported incidence 0.2 per 2 100,000 children .Children ON are seropositive...
Abstract Background We recently described the utility of ‘TB Concentration & Transport’ kit for bio-safe, ambient-temperature transport dried-sputum on Trans-Filter, and DNA Extraction’ extraction from Trans-Filter early diagnosis drug-resistant Tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to assess feasibility compatibility these kits with Line Probe Assay (LPA) under National Elimination Programme (NTEP) settings. Methods Presumptive pulmonary TB/MDR-TB/XDR-TB patients (n=8491) who attended...