A5083035273- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Trace Elements in Health
- Science and Education Research
- CNS Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Selenium in Biological Systems
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
University of the Witwatersrand
2014-2025
Helen Joseph Hospital
2019-2024
Perinatal HIV Research Unit
2018-2019
GlaxoSmithKline (India)
2018
Tuberculosis is the leading killer of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Preventive therapy effective, but current regimens are limited by poor implementation and low completion rates.We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase 3 noninferiority trial comparing efficacy safety 1-month regimen daily rifapentine plus isoniazid (1-month group) 9 months alone (9-month in HIV-infected who were living areas high tuberculosis prevalence or had evidence latent The primary...
Abstract Background The concurrent treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is challenging, owing to drug interactions, overlapping toxicities, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). efficacy safety dolutegravir (DTG) were assessed in adults with HIV drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Methods International Study Patients on Rifampicin ING a noncomparative, active-control, randomized, open-label study HIV-1–infected antiretroviral therapy–naive (CD4+ ≥50...
ABSTRACT Introduction Oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, but adherence challenging for young women. Products centred around women's preferences could address barriers. Using a longitudinal discrete choice experiment (DCE), we examined African PrEP product formulation and delivery attributes before after initiating oral PrEP. Methods We enrolled HIV‐negative women from six countries in prospective cohort August 2022 to June 2023. Women completed two DCEs on products...
Numerous micronutrients have immunomodulatory roles that may influence risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the association between baseline micronutrient deficiencies and incident TB after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected individuals is not well characterized.We conducted a case-cohort study (n = 332) within randomized trial comparing 3 ART regimens 1571 HIV treatment-naive adults from 9 countries. A subcohort 30 patients was randomly selected each country 270). Cases 77;...
Mild-to-moderate AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) often responds to antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone; the role of chemotherapy is unclear. We assessed impact immediate vs as-needed oral etoposide (ET) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with mild-to-moderate KS initiating ART.Chemotherapy-naive, HIV type 1-infected adults ART in Africa and South America were randomized (tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz) alone (chemotherapy "as-needed" arm) plus up 8 cycles ET...
Guidelines for limited-stage human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS/KS) recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) as initial treatment. However, many such individuals show worsening KS and require additional chemotherapy. Methods to identify patients are lacking.
Vitamin D has wide-ranging effects on the immune system, and studies suggest that low serum vitamin levels are associated with worse clinical outcomes in HIV. Recent have identified an interaction between antiretrovirals used to treat HIV reduced levels, but these been done North American European populations.Using a prospective cohort study design nested multinational trial, we examined effect of three combination antiretroviral (cART) regimens 270 cART-naïve, HIV-infected adults nine...
Objective The association between pre-antiretroviral (ART) inflammation and immune activation risk for incident tuberculosis (TB) after ART initiation among adults is uncertain. Design Nested case-control study (n = 332) within ACTG PEARLS trial of three regimens 1571 HIV-infected, treatment-naïve in 9 countries. We compared cases (participants with TB diagnosed by 96 weeks) to a random sample controls who did not develop TB, stratified country treatment arm). Methods measured pre-ART...
Introduction: The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial demonstrated that early antiretroviral therapy (ART) prevented 93% of transmission events in serodiscordant couples. Some linked infections were observed shortly after ART initiation or virologic failure.Objective: To evaluate factors associated with time to viral suppression and failure participants who initiated HPTN 052.Methods: 1566 had a load (VL) > 400 copies/mL at enrollment included the analyses. This 832 arm (CD4...
Background. Anemia is a known risk factor for clinical failure following antiretroviral therapy (ART). Notably, anemia and inflammation are interrelated, recent studies have associated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), an marker, with adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment outcomes, yet their joint effect not known. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence factors in HIV infection determine whether CRP jointly predict post-ART. Methods. A case-cohort (N = 470 [236...
A case-cohort study, within a multi-country trial of antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficacy (Prospective Evaluation Antiretrovirals in Resource Limited Settings (PEARLS)), was conducted to determine if pre-ART serum selenium deficiency is independently associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression after ART initiation. Cases were HIV-1 infected adults either clinical failure (incident World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3, 4 or death by 96 weeks) virologic 24...
Abstract Background. We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods. performed a case-control study ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as incident World Health Organization Stage 3 or 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease death, analyzed from ART weeks 24 (ART24) 96. Controls randomly selected. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon...
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) is recommended for tuberculosis prevention yet data on the safety of first-trimester pregnancy exposure are limited.
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for two-thirds of new HIV infections in Africa. African AGYW have had high uptake oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) but low adherence, which might be improved by point-of-care adherence monitoring with tailored counselling.
Early progression of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS-PD) and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (KS-IRIS) sometimes occur after the initiation antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Objectives The effect of rifapentine plus isoniazid on efavirenz pharmacokinetics was characterized in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol A5279 (NCT01404312). present analyses characterize pharmacogenetic interactions between these drugs, and with nevirapine. Methods A subset HIV-positive individuals receiving efavirenz- or nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy underwent pharmacokinetic evaluations at baseline, again weeks 2 4 after initiating daily isoniazid. Associations...
The use of rifamycin antibiotics for TB prevention carries a risk detrimental drug-drug interactions with concomitantly used ART.To evaluate the interaction antiretroviral drug nevirapine in combination 4 weeks daily rifapentine and isoniazid people living HIV.Participants were individuals enrolled BRIEF-TB study receiving randomized to rifapentine/isoniazid arm study. Participants provided sparse pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling at baseline 2 trough determination. Nevirapine apparent oral...
The Brief Rifapentine-Isoniazid Efficacy for TB Prevention/A5279 trial demonstrated a 1-month daily regimen of rifapentine and isoniazid was noninferior to 9 months alone preventing in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Our objective evaluate pharmacokinetics participants receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) perform simulations compare weight-based dosing standard, fixed dose. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling used estimate 25-desacetyl population pharmacokinetic characteristics. model...
Background: AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV in Africa. Mortality AIDS-KS on antiretroviral therapy high compared who do not have AIDS-KS. Setting: People (KS) participated 2 randomized trials (A5263/AMC066 [advanced stage] A5264/AMC067 [mild-to-moderate stage]) conducted by AIDS Clinical Trials Group/AIDS Malignancy Consortium low- middle-income countries. Methods: We estimated rates over the trial period....
Background: Concurrent treatment of tuberculosis and HIV is challenging owing to drug interactions, overlapping toxicities, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The efficacy safety dolutegravir were assessed in adults with drug-susceptible tuberculosis.
Selenium status, with important roles in oxidative stress and immunity, has a non‐linear U‐shaped association all‐cause mortality US populations; HIV‐infected persons, low selenium is associated increased viral load. Factors deficiency whether independently HIV ART outcomes persons unknown. We performed multi‐country case‐cohort where cases were HIV‐1 infected adults either clinical failure (incident WHO stage 3, 4 or death by 96 weeks) virologic (HIV RNA levels 蠅 1000 copies/mL for 2...