A5038362714- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Education and Islamic Studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Corporate Insolvency and Governance
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
University College London
2014-2024
Mortimer Market Centre
2013-2023
Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust
2012-2023
The University of Melbourne
2022-2023
Alexandra Hospital
2023
West London Mental Health NHS Trust
2013-2023
Princess Alexandra Hospital
2018
The Royal Free Hospital
1999-2016
University of Liverpool
2016
Royal London Hospital
1997-2016
The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on best clinical practice in the treatment and management adults with HIV infection antiretroviral therapy (ART). scope includes: (i) initiation ART those previously naïve therapy; (ii)support patients treatment; (iii) experiencing virological failure; (iv) recommendations specific patient populations where other factors need be taken into consideration. are aimed at professionals directly involved responsible for care community...
During the COVID-19 pandemic Chinese international students were reported to experience racism, food security issues and social isolation. However, no study has investigated prevalence of these potential for worsening mental health in this population group during pandemic. Therefore, aimed examine effect on living Australia China, protective support.Data extracted from a survey Australian university (April-June 2019) follow-up (Sept-Oct 2020). The anxiety, major depression pandemic-related...
The SMART trial found a raised risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients undergoing CD4+ T cell-count guided intermittent antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with on continuous ART. Exploratory analyses were performed to better understand the reasons for this observation.A total 5,472 T-cell counts >350 cells/mm3 recruited and randomized either ART (the viral suppression arm; VS) or count-guided use drug conservation DC).Major CVD developed 79 patients. hazard ratio (HR) DC...
Abstract Background Following mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission, interferons (IFNs) are rapidly induced at sites of initial replication in the mucosa and draining lymph nodes. However, role played by IFN-stimulated antiviral activity restricting HIV-1 during stages infection is not clear. We hypothesized that if IFNs exert selective pressure on earliest infection, founder viruses succeed establishing systemic would be more IFN-resistant than replicating chronic...
Introduction Scope and purpose Methodology Guideline development process Patient involvement GRADE Good practice points Dissemination implementation updates date of next review Treatment aims Resource use Implications for research References Recommendations auditable outcomes (GRADE) in decision making (Section 3) When to start 4) What 5) Supporting patients on therapy 6) Managing virological failure 7) Antiretroviral therapies specific populations 8) Summary measures decision-making...
ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) cause clinically important persistent infections. The effects of persistence on innate immunity, including NK cell responses, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We examined frequency, phenotype, function peripheral blood CD3 − CD56 + subsets in HIV HCV patients identified significantly reduced numbers total cells a striking shift subsets, with marked decrease dim fraction compared to bright cells, both This...
We sought to investigate renal function in previously untreated symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with CD4(+) cell counts of <200 cells/mm(3) who were undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) Africa.The study was an observational analysis within a randomized trial ART management strategies that included 3316 participants baseline serum creatinine levels < or =360 micromol/L. Creatinine measured before initiation, at weeks 4 and 12 therapy, every thereafter....
<h3>Context</h3>Therapies to decrease immune activation might be of benefit in slowing HIV disease progression.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether hydroxychloroquine decreases and slows CD4 cell decline.<h3>Design, Setting, Patients</h3>Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed at 10 outpatient clinics the United Kingdom between June 2008 February 2011. The 83 patients enrolled had asymptomatic infection, were not taking antiretroviral therapy, counts greater than 400...
The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on best clinical practice in the treatment and management adults with HIV infection antiretroviral therapy (ART). scope includes: (i) initiation ART those previously naïve therapy; (ii) support people living (PLWH) treatment; (iii) individuals experiencing virological failure; (iv) recommendations specific populations where other factors need be taken into consideration. are aimed at professionals directly involved responsible...
Densely arranged N-linked glycans shield the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer from antibody recognition. Strain-specific breaches in this (glycan holes) can be targets of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies that lack breadth. To understand interplay between glycan holes and neutralization breadth infection, we developed a sequence- structure-based approach to identify for individual Env sequences are shielded most M-group viruses. Applying 12 longitudinally followed individuals, found...
Significance Altered iron levels correlate with disease progression in HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection, and cellular promotes HIV-1 replication. In chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) C (HCV) infections, increased liver contribute to disease. The peptide hormone hepcidin controls distribution. We find that increases during the acute phase of early predicts later plasma viral set-point, remains high even chronically infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. Conversely is not induced,...
Interferon-mediated pressures vary throughout HIV-1 infection but are the highest during viral rebound after treatment interruption.
Abstract Background Universities are increasingly recognised as institutions where health and wellbeing can be promoted to maximise academic outcomes, career transitions, lifelong positive behaviours. There is concern about the mental of university students other factors which affect outcomes particularly for subgroups such international students. few cohort studies breadth issues that impact on both local We conducted a baseline prevalence survey at large Australian covering health,...
In the present study, we analyzed functional profile of CD8+ T-cell responses directed against autologous transmitted/founder HIV-1 isolates during acute and early infection, examined whether multifunctionality is required for selection virus escape mutations. Seven anti-retroviral therapy-naïve subjects were studied in detail between 1 87 weeks following onset symptoms infection. Synthetic peptides representing sequences used multiparameter flow cytometry assays to determine functionality...
Multiple lines of evidence support a role for CD8(+) T cells in control acute/early HIV replication; however, features the primary HIV-specific cell response that may impact on efficiency containment early viral replication remain poorly defined. In this study, we performed novel, comprehensive analysis kinetics expansion components 21 acutely infected individuals. Epitope-specific responses expanded asynchronously during infection all subjects. The most rapidly peaked as 5 days following...
Abstract Background Non-neutralising antibodies to the envelope glycoprotein are elicited during acute HIV-1 infection and abundant throughout course of disease progression. Although these appear have negligible effects on when assayed in standard neutralisation assays, they potential exert either inhibitory or enhancing through interactions with complement and/or Fc receptors. Here we report that non-neutralising produced early response can enhance viral infectivity. Results We investigated...
Background Higher plasma D-dimer levels are strong predictors of mortality in HIV+ individuals. The factors associated with during HIV infection, however, remain poorly understood. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants three randomized controlled trials measured were included (N = 9,848). Factors identified by linear regression. Covariates investigated were: age, gender, race, body mass index, nadir and baseline CD4+ count, RNA levels, markers inflammation (C-reactive protein...
BackgroundStandard-of-care antiretroviral therapy (ART) uses a combination of drugs deemed essential to minimise treatment failure and drug resistance. Protease inhibitors are potent, with high genetic barrier resistance, have potential use as monotherapy after viral load suppression is achieved treatment. We aimed assess clinical risks benefits protease inhibitor in long-term use: particular, the effect on resistance future options.MethodsIn this pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised,...
Objectives Transmission of drug‐resistant HIV ‐1 has decreased in the UK since early 2000s. This analysis reports recent trends and characteristics transmitted drug resistance ( TDR ) from 2010 to 2013. Methods Resistance tests conducted antiretroviral treatment ART )‐naïve individuals between 2013 were analysed for presence mutations TDRM s), defined as any a modified 2009 World Health Organization surveillance list, or International Antiviral Society‐ USA list integrase tests. Logistic...
The reported prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) varies widely in cohorts people living with HIV (PLWH); this may partly be due to the use different diagnostic criteria. Agreement between criteria CI, optimal definition use, and associations patient-reported symptoms have not been fully investigated.Two hundred ninety PLWH aged >50 years 97 matched negative controls completed a detailed assessment function three questions regarding symptoms. Age- education-adjusted test scores (T-scores)...
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) co-infection is highly prevalent within HIV-1 cohorts and an important cofactor in driving ongoing immune activation, even during effective antiretroviral treatment. HCMV infection has recently been associated with expansion of adaptive-like natural killer (NK) cells, which harbor epigenetic alterations that impact on their cellular function phenotype. The influence the considerable heterogeneity among NK cells functional responses to different stimuli was...
Abstract Purpose Previous research has indicated that university students experienced substantial mental health issues during the global COVID-19 pandemic, but few studies have considered changes relative to pre-pandemic levels across population groups. Hence, aim of this study was compare in and associated stressors pandemic for international local studying Australia. Methods In a cohort 4407 students, we assessed depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 2), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety...
Three procedures for the quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA from plasma were compared at three laboratories. The comparison involved Quantiplex branched DNA assay (version 1.0) by Chiron Diagnostics, NASBA-QT Organon Teknika, and Amplicor Monitor Roche Molecular Systems. laboratories performed each assays with same sets reconstructed HIV-1-infected samples, cross-sectionally collected clinical samples longitudinally patients starting zidovudine therapy....