Summary It has been hypothesized that plant–virus interactions vary between antagonism and conditional mutualism according to environmental conditions. This hypothesis is based on scant experimental evidence, test it we examined the effect of abiotic factors Arabidopsis thaliana – Cucumber mosaic virus ( CMV ) interaction. Four genotypes clustering into two allometric groups were grown under six environments defined by three temperature light‐intensity Plants either ‐infected or...

The adaptation of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) to recessive resistance mediated by the rymv1-2 allele has been reported as a model study emergence and evolution virulent variants. virulence factors have identified eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF(iso)4G1 viral genome-linked protein (VPg), respectively, but molecular mechanisms involved in their interaction are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated direct between RYMV VPg central domain rice both vitro, using...

The rymv1-2 and rymv1-3 alleles of the RYMV1 resistance to Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), coded by an eIF(iso)4G1 gene, occur in a few cultivars Asiatic (Oryza sativa) African (O. glaberrima) rice species, respectively. most salient feature breaking (RB) process is converse genetic barrier breakdown. This specificity modulated amino acid (glutamic vs. threonine) at codon 49 Viral Protein genome-linked (VPg), position which adjacent virulence codons 48 52. Isolates with glutamic (E) do not...

The recently described member of the genus Trichovirus grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) has now been detected in most grape-growing countries. While it associated with severe mottling and deformation symptoms under some circumstances, generally asymptomatic infections. cause(s) underlying this variable association remain(s) subject to speculations. GPGV genetic diversity studied using short genomic regions amplified by RT-PCR but not so far at pan-genomic level. In an attempt gain insight...

Local co-circulation of multiple phylogenetic lineages is particularly likely for rapidly evolving pathogens in the current context globalisation. When different co-occur same fields, they may be simultaneously present host plant (i.e. mixed infection), with potentially important consequences disease outcome. This case Burkina Faso rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which endemic to Africa and a major constraint on production. We aimed decipher distinct RYMV isolates that infect single...

Co-occurrence of multiple diseases and co-infection individual plants by various pathogens have potential epidemiological evolutionary implications. Based on previous information the co-occurrence rice yellow mottle disease (caused virus, RYMV) bacterial leaf streak (BLS, due to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, Xoc) in Burkina Faso, experimental evidence interactions between causing these two diseases, we aimed monitor more intensively farmers fields. To this purpose, selected fields...

The diversity of a highly variable RNA plant virus was considered to determine the range virulence substitutions, evolutionary pathways virulence, and whether intraspecific modulates propensity. In all, 114 isolates representative genetic geographic Rice yellow mottle (RYMV) in Africa were inoculated several cultivars with eIF(iso)4G-mediated Rymv1-2 resistance. Altogether, 41 virulent variants generated from ten wild analyzed. Nonconservative amino acid replacements at five positions...

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) reaches a high content in rice, is genetically highly variable and evolves rapidly. Nevertheless, only small proportion of isolates overcome rymv1-2 rice resistance by mutations the VPg (viral protein genome-linked). The accumulation rates wild-type (WT) resistance-breaking (RB) genotypes E- T-pathotypes RYMV, with average low virulence, respectively, were assessed. By quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, it was shown that: (i)...

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) has persisted as a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa. However, no data on RYMV epidemics were available Ghana, although it is an intensive rice-producing country. Surveys performed from 2010 2020 eleven rice-growing regions of Ghana. Symptom observations and serological detections confirmed that circulating most these regions. Coat protein gene complete genome sequencings revealed Ghana almost exclusively belongs the strain S2, one strains...

Summary For some crops, the only possible approach to gain a specific trait requires genome modification. The development of virus‐resistant transgenic plants based on pathogen‐derived resistance strategy has been success story for over three decades. However, potential risks associated with technology, such as horizontal gene transfer ( HGT ) any part transgene an existing pool, have raised. Here, we report no evidence undesirable impacts genetically modified GM grapevine rootstock its...

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) causes high losses to rice production in Africa. Several sources of varietal resistance are available but the emergence virulent pathotypes that able overcome one or two alleles can sometimes occur. Both spectra and viral adaptability have be taken into account develop sustainable breeding strategies against RYMV. In this study, we extended previous spectrum analyses by testing rymv1-4 rymv1-5 carried accessions Tog5438 Tog5674, respectively, isolates...

This work analyses the genetic variation and evolutionary patterns of recessive resistance loci involved in matching-allele (MA) host-pathogen interactions, focusing on pvr2 gene to potyviruses wild pepper Capsicum annuum glabriusculum (chiltepin). Chiltepin grows a variety habitats Mexico, its cultivation home gardens started about 25 years ago. Potyvirus infection plants requires physical interaction viral VPg with product, translation initiation factor eIF4E1. Mutations impairing this...

Viral diseases are a major limitation for crop production, and their control is crucial sustainable food supply. We investigated by combination of functional genetics experimental evolution the resistance rice to yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which among most devastating pathogens in Africa, mechanisms underlying extremely fast adaptation its host. found that RYMV3 gene protects against codes nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat domain immune receptor (NLRs) from Mla-like clade NLRs. detects...

Rice is of critical significance regarding food security worldwide, including in Africa. Only two viruses impacting rice production Africa have been deeply investigated for decades: the yellow mottle virus ( Solemoviridae) and stripe necrosis Benyviridae). Using viral metagenomics, we aimed at broadening knowledge on interacting communities associated with plants landscapes exploring diversity epidemiological status circulating fields from Burkina Faso. We performed an survey this country...

Data mining and metagenomic analysis of 277 open reading frame sequences bipartite RNA viruses the genus Nepovirus, family Secoviridae, were performed, documenting how challenging it can be to unequivocally assign a virus particular species, especially those in subgroups A C, based on some currently adopted taxonomic demarcation criteria. This work suggests possible need for their amendment accommodate pangenome information. In addition, we revealed host-dependent structure arabis mosaic...

The rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) has been reported to infect in several countries Africa and South America, but limited genomic data are currently publicly available. Here, eleven RSNV genomes were entirely sequenced, including the first corpus of African isolates. genetic variability was differently distributed along two segments. segment RNA1, within which clusters polymorphisms identified, showed a higher nucleotidic than did beet necrotic yellow vein (BNYVV) RNA1 segment. diversity...

The rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is a model in plant molecular epidemiology, with the reconstruction of historical introduction routes at scale African continent. However, information on patterns viral prevalence and diversity over multiple years local remains scarce, spite potential implications for crop protection. Here, we describe 5-year (2015-9) monitoring RYMV six sites from western Burkina Faso (geographic areas Bama, Banzon, Karfiguela). It confirmed one irrigated site as disease...

The adaptation of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) to rymv1-mediated resistance has been reported involve mutations in the viral genome-linked protein (VPg). In this study, we analysed several cases rymv1-2 breakdown by an isolate with low adaptability. Surprisingly, these rarely occurring resistance-breaking (RB) genotypes, were detected outside VPg, ORF2a/ORF2b overlapping region. causal role three associated was validated via directed mutagenesis infectious clone. resistant plants,...

ABSTRACT Five isolates of Rice yellow mottle virus from western Kenya were fully sequenced. One isolate strain S4lv had been collected in 1966. Two belonged to the emerging S4ug recently described Uganda. 2012 are putative recombinants between and strains.

Since its identification in 2003, little has been revealed about the spread of grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), an emerging virus. According to studies from Italy, GPGV transmission vineyard can be fast but progressive over years. To gain new insights into infections, we tested 67 grapevines a single parcel southern France. These vines were sampled 8 years (2013 2020) and for by reverse-transcription PCR using primer pair designed recently described genetic diversity worldwide. While...

Specificity in plant-pathogen gene-for-gene (GFG) interactions is determined by the recognition of pathogen proteins products plant resistance (R) genes. The evolutionary dynamics R genes plant-virus systems poorly understood. We analyse evolution L locus to tobamoviruses wild pepper Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (chiltepin), a crop relative undergoing incipient domestication. frequency, and genetic phenotypic diversity, was analysed 41 chiltepin populations under different levels human...

Fanleaf degeneration is a complex viral disease of Vitis spp. that detrimentally impacts fruit yield and reduces the productive lifespan most vineyards worldwide. In France, its main causal agent grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). past, field experiments were conducted to explore cross-protection as management strategy degeneration, but results unsatisfactory because mild strain negatively impacted yield. order select new GFLV isolates, we examined two old 'Chardonnay' parcels harbouring vines...

While Rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV, Benyvirus, Benyviridae) has been reported on rice plants two continents, little is known about the diversity of this multipartite which transmitted by plasmodiophorid protist Polymyxa graminis. First identified in 1983 Côte d'Ivoire (Fauquet & Thouvenel, 2), disease had previously observed Sierra Leone without formal identification causal agent (Buddenhagen, pers. comm.). Later, was South and Central America (Colombia, Ecuador, Panama Brazil) causing...