A5031083804- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Child Abuse and Trauma
- Family Support in Illness
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Child Welfare and Adoption
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
Dalhousie University
2017-2023
Health Sciences Centre
2023
Nova Scotia Health Authority
2017-2020
Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre
2020
McMaster University
2014
Most psychiatric disorders emerge in the second decade of life. In present study, we examined whether environmental adversity, developmental antecedents, major depressive disorder, and functional impairment correlate with deviation from normative brain development adolescence.We trained a age prediction model using 189 structural magnetic resonance imaging features 1299 typically developing adolescents (age range 9-19 years, mean = 13.5, SD 3.04), validated holdout set 322 (mean 3.07), used...
The traditional view of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) focuses on its role in episodic memory. However, some underlying functions MTL can be ascertained from wider supporting spatial cognition concert with parietal and prefrontal regions. is strongly implicated formation enduring allocentric representations (e.g. O'Keefe (1976); Ekstrom et al. (2003); King (2002)). According to our BBB model (Byrne (2007)), these must interact head-centered body-centered posterior cortex via a transformation...
Abstract Background Children of parents with mood and psychotic disorders are at elevated risk for a range behavioral emotional problems. However, as the usual reporter psychopathology in children is parent, reports early problems may be biased by parents' own experience mental illness their state. Methods Independent observers rated using Test Observation Form 378 youth between ages 4 24 (mean = 11.01, s.d . 4.40) who had parent major depressive disorder, bipolar schizophrenia, or no...
Background Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability have been linked with increased likelihood of exposure to adversity. We hypothesized that these associations may be partly due genetic factors. Methods calculated polygenic scores for ADHD intelligence assessed psychopathology general in a sample 297 youth aged 5–27 years enriched offspring parents mood psychotic disorders. an adversity score as mean 10 indicators, including socio‐economic disadvantage,...
Psychotic symptoms are common in children and adolescents may be early manifestations of liability to severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia. SMI psychotic associated with impairment executive functions. However, previous studies have not differentiated between 'cold' 'hot' We hypothesized that the propensity for is specifically functions, such as decision-making context uncertain rewards losses.In a cohort 156 youth (mean age 12.5, range 7-24 years) enriched familial risk SMI,...
Abstract Background Larger grey matter volume of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is among most replicated biomarkers genetic risk for bipolar disorders (BD). However, IFG a heterogeneous prefrontal region, and volumetric findings can be attributable to changes in cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA) or gyrification. Here, we investigated morphometry participants at BD. Methods We quantified 29 affected, 32 unaffected relatives BD probands, 42 controls. then examined SA, CT, folding...
Background It has been suggested that offspring of parents with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for disruptive mood dysregulation (DMDD), but the specificity this association not established. Aims We examined DMDD to family history by comparing (a) disorder, (b) major depressive and (c) a control group no disorders. Method established lifetime diagnosis using Schedule Affective Disorders Schizophrenia School Aged Children DSM-5 in 180 youth aged 6–18 years, including 58 82 40...
Basic symptoms, defined as subjectively perceived disturbances in thought, perception and other essential mental processes, have been established a predictor of psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between basic symptoms family history transdiagnostic range severe illness, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder schizophrenia, has not examined.
Abstract Introduction A new generation of large‐scale studies is using neuroimaging to investigate adolescent brain development across health and disease. However, imaging artifacts such as head motion remain a challenge may be exacerbated in pediatric clinical samples. In this study, we assessed the scan–rescan reliability multimodal MRI sample youth enriched for risk mental illness. Methods We obtained repeated scans, an average 2.7 ± 1.4 weeks apart, from 50 (mean age 14.7 years, SD =...
Cortical folding is essential for healthy brain development. Previous studies have found regional reductions in cortical adult patients with psychotic illness. It unknown whether these neuroanatomical markers are present youth subclinical symptoms.We collected MRIs and examined the local gyrification index a sample of 110 (mean age ± standard deviation 14.0 3.7 yr; range 9–25 yr) family history severe mental illness: 48 symptoms 62 without. Images were processed using Human Connectome...
Abstract Aim We sought to examine the structure, internal consistency, convergent and criterion validity of Youth Experience Tracker Instrument (YETI), a new brief self‐report measure designed facilitate early identification risk for severe forms mental illness, including major depressive disorder, bipolar schizophrenia. Methods collected 716 YETIs from 315 individuals aged 8 27 with without familial illness. The YETI measures six developmental antecedents that precede predict serious...
Background The association between parental severe mental illness (SMI) and depression in offspring may be due to genetic liability or adverse environments. We investigated the effect of SMI, SES, adversity on a sample youth enriched for familial risk illness. Method assessed 217 (mean age 11.95, SD 4.14, range 6–24), including 167 (77%) parents with SMI. measured exposure childhood maltreatment bullying Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) Childhood Experiences Care Abuse (CECA)...
BackgroundPsychotic symptoms are common during childhood and adolescence may indicate transdiagnostic risk of future psychiatric disorders. Lower visual memory ability has been suggested as a potential indicator mental illness. The relationship between clinician-confirmed definite psychotic in youth not yet explored.MethodsWe examined among 205 participants aged 7–27 years cohort enriched for parental mood We assessed using the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) validated semi-structured...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability. To understand why depression develops, it important to distinguish between early neural markers vulnerability that precede the onset MDD and features develop during depression. Recent neuroimaging findings suggest reduced global regional intracortical myelination (ICM), especially in lateral prefrontal cortex, may be associated with depression, but unknown whether precursor or consequence MDD. The study offspring affected...