Objectives. This study investigated socioeconomic predictors of obesity in men and women. Methods. Data from the 1996 Health Survey for England were used to compare odds ratios by education, occupation, 2 economic markers after control age, marital status, ethnicity. Results. Obesity risk was greater among women with fewer years education poorer circumstances women, but not men, lower occupational status. Conclusions. Higher educational attainment higher status associated a both whereas only...

This paper describes a nutrition knowledge survey carried out on cross-section of the adult population England (n = 1040), looking at relating to current dietary recommendations, sources nutrients, healthy food choices and diet–disease links. Serious gaps in about even basic recommendations were discovered, there was much confusion over relationship between diet disease. Significant differences socio-demographic groups found, with men having poorer than women, declining lower educational...

To assess public awareness of cancer warning signs, anticipated delay and perceived barriers to seeking medical advice in the British population. We carried out a population-based survey using face-to-face, computer-assisted interviews administer measure (CAM), newly developed, validated awareness. The sample included 2216 adults (970 males 1246 females) recruited as part Office for National Statistics Opinions Survey stratified probability sampling. Awareness signs was low when open-ended...

Objectives To explore barriers to cervical screening attendance in a population-based sample, and compare endorsed by women who were up-to-date with versus those overdue. We also tested the hypothesis that overdue for would be more generally disillusioned public services, as indexed reported voting behaviour elections. Setting A survey of England. Methods Face-to-face interviews carried out 580 aged 26–64 years, recruited using stratified random probability sampling part an omnibus survey....

Background Ethnic minority women are less likely to attend cervical screening. Aim To explore self-perceived barriers screening attendance among ethnic compared white British women. Design Qualitative interview study. Setting Community groups in ethnically diverse London boroughs. Methods Interviews were carried out with 43 from a range of backgrounds (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Caribbean, African, Black British, other, White other) and 11 recorded, transcribed verbatim analysed using...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing has been proposed for inclusion in the UK cervical screening programme. While may bring some benefits to programme, positive HPV, a sexually transmitted virus, have adverse social and psychological consequences women. The aim of this study was examine impact HPV context cancer screening.In-depth interviews generating qualitative data were carried out with 74 women participating England between June 2001 December 2003. Purposive sampling used ensure...

We aimed to develop and validate a measurement tool assess cancer awareness in the general population: measure (CAM). Items assessing of warning signs, risk factors, incidence, screening programmes attitudes towards help seeking were extracted from literature or generated by expert groups. To determine reliability, CAM was administered university participant panel (n=148), with sub-sample (n=94) completing it again 2 weeks later. establish construct validity, scores experts (n=12) compared...

Objective To examine the psychosocial impact of testing positive for high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) among women attending primary cervical screening. Design Cross sectional survey. Measures were taken at baseline and one week after receipt HPV cytology screening results. Setting Well women's clinic in London, UK. Population or Sample Four hundred twenty‐eight aged 20–64 years. Methods Postal questionnaire Main outcome measures Psychosocial psychosexual outcomes anxiety, distress...

Public understanding of HPV is important to ensure informed participation in cervical cancer prevention programmes. While many studies have measured knowledge, none has developed a validated measure for use across countries. We aimed develop and validate such measure.Items tapping knowledge HPV, testing vaccination were from previous literature with expert consultation. The 29-item was administered via the internet 2409 adults UK, US Australia 2011. Classical test theory item response used...

<b>Objectives:</b> To test the hypotheses that (1) women who know human papillomavirus (HPV) is sexually transmitted will expect to experience higher levels of stigma, shame and anxiety if they positive for virus than are not aware mode transmission (2) high prevalence HPV infection lower underestimate its prevalence. <b>Methods:</b> A web-based survey in which information about was manipulated generate a 2×2 design (awareness <i>v</i> no awareness; awareness awareness). Participants (n =...

Since vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) became available, awareness of HPV has dramatically increased. Implementation a vaccine program varies internationally yet no studies have explored the influence this on public's knowledge HPV. The present study aimed to explore differences in and across three countries: US, UK Australia. Participants (n=2409) completed validated measure as part an online survey. There were higher levels among men women US than Being male having lower...

Abstract Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) types causing cervical cancer will soon be available. Success of the vaccine relies on parents' willingness to vaccinate their prepubescent daughters. We explored mothers' attitudes towards vaccination. Twenty-four mothers girls ages 8 14 years took part in four focus groups. Discussions covered vaccination general, vaccines, for sexually transmitted infections (STI), and HPV vaccine. were recorded, transcribed, analyzed...

A randomised trial to ascertain whether women who do not attend for cervical screening are more likely respond the opportunity collect a self-sample human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, or further invitation screening. The study was carried out in Primary Care Trust (PCT) London between June 2009 and December 2009. In total, 3000 were randomly selected from persistent non-responders (i.e., had responded at least two invitations screening). on 1 : basis either receive an HPV self-sampling kit...

The poor outcomes for cancers diagnosed at an advanced stage have been the driver behind research into techniques to detect disease before symptoms are manifest. For cervical and colorectal cancer, detection treatment of "precancers" can prevent development a form primary prevention. other cancers-breast, prostate, lung, ovarian-screening is secondary prevention, aiming improve through earlier diagnosis. International national expert organizations regularly assess balance benefits harms...

<h3>Background:</h3> Studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and HPV vaccine acceptability have included few non-white participants, making it difficult to explore ethnic differences. This study assessed in a sample women representing the major UK minority groups. <h3>Methods:</h3> A cross-sectional design was used assess vaccination. Participants were recruited using quota sampling ensure adequate representation women: Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Caribbean, African Chinese (n =...

Abstract Background: Qualitative studies implicate knowledge of cancer symptoms and attitudes towards help-seeking as important factors in patient delay. The present study uses quantitative data from a population-based survey to test the hypotheses that (a) greater early is associated with higher likelihood having appraised symptom possibly due cancer, (b) more negative are lower sought medical advice for symptom. Methods: Two thousand seventy-one adults were asked whether they had...

Please cite this paper as: Waller J, Jackowska M, Marlow L, Wardle J. Exploring age differences in reasons for nonattendance cervical screening: a qualitative study. BJOG 2012;119:26–32. Objectives To explore barriers to attendance at screening across groups because coverage of the programme England has been falling, particularly among women youngest group (25–29 years). Design A Setting university London. Sample Professionals working field ( n = 12) and varying ages who had either never...

Objectives To explore self-reported cervical screening history and barriers to attendance among women who have been sexually abused identify measures improve the experience of for these women. Methods Women visiting website National Association People Abused in Childhood (NAPAC), had abused, were invited complete a survey their views experiences screening. This included closed questions on demographic characteristics attendance, open screening, opportunity submit suggestions this abused....

Communication that empowers the public, patients, clinicians, and policy makers to think differently about overdiagnosis will help support a more sustainable healthcare future for all, argue <b>Kirsten McCaffery colleagues</b>