A5021079451- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- interferon and immune responses
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Immune cells in cancer
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
2016-2025
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
2007-2008
Yale University
2008
Office of Infectious Diseases
2003
Abstract Eosinophils are multifunctional cells of the innate immune system linked to allergic inflammation. Asthmatics were more likely be hospitalized but less suffer severe morbidity and mortality during 2009 influenza pandemic. These epidemiologic findings recapitulated in a mouse model fungal asthma wherein infection heightened inflammation was protective against A virus (IAV) disease. Our goal delineate mechanism(s) by which may alleviate disease outcome, focused on hypothesis that...
Maximizing vaccine efficacy is critical, but previous research has failed to provide a one-size-fits-all solution. Although vitamin A and D supplementation studies have been designed improve efficacy, experimental results inconclusive. Information urgently needed explain study discrepancies guidance for the future use of supplements at time vaccination. We conducted randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled influenza virus vaccination among 2 8 (inclusive) year old children over three seasons,...
Vitamin A deficiencies and insufficiencies are widespread in developing countries, may be gaining prevalence industrialized nations. To combat vitamin deficiency (VAD), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends high-dose supplementation (VAS) children 6-59 months of age locations where VAD is endemic. This practice has significantly reduced all-cause death diarrhea-related mortalities children, have some cases improved immune responses toward pediatric vaccines. However, VAS studies...
Vitamin A is an important regulator of immune protection, but it often overlooked in studies infectious disease. binds array nuclear receptors (e.g., retinoic acid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated retinoid X receptor) and influences the barrier cells responsible for pathogen control. Children adults developed developing countries are vitamin A-deficient or insufficient, characteristics associated with poor health outcomes. To gain a better understanding protective mechanisms...
The spectrum of immunogenic epitopes presented by the H2-IA b MHC class II molecule to CD4 + T cells has been defined for two different (clade B and clade D) HIV envelope (gp140) glycoproteins. Hybridoma cell lines were generated from mice immunized a sequential prime boost regime with DNA, recombinant vaccinia viruses, protein. recognized reactive hybridomas then characterized overlapping peptides synthesized span entire gp140 sequence. Evidence clonality also was assessed antibodies...
The contribution of the latent antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell response to control gammaherpesvirus latency is currently obscure. Some antigens induce potent responses, but little known about their induction or role they play during establishment latency. Here we used murine system examine expression latency-associated M2 gene and this protein. M2, in contrast M3 antigen, was expressed at day 14 after infection undetectable long-term M2(91-99)/K(d) B dependent, transient, apparently induced...
The healthy lung maintains a steady state of immune readiness to rapidly respond injury from invaders. Integrins are important for setting the parameters this resting state, particularly epithelial-restricted αVβ6 integrin, which is upregulated during injury. Once expressed, moderates acute (ALI) through as yet undefined molecular mechanisms. We show that upregulation β6 influenza infection involved in disease pathogenesis. β6-deficient mice (β6 KO) have increased survival likely due limited...
Nuclear hormone receptors including the estrogen receptor (ERα) and retinoic acid regulate a plethora of biological functions reproduction, circulation immunity. To understand how other nuclear hormones influence antibody production, we characterized total serum isotypes in female male mice C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ C3H/HeJ mouse strains. Antibody levels were higher females compared to males all strains there was preference for IgG2b production. Sex-biased patterns influenced by vitamin levels,...
Vitamin A and D deficiencies insufficiencies are prevalent worldwide in developed developing countries. metabolites functionally intertwined that they high-affinity ligands for related receptors of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The effects vitamin (VAD) on antibody responses to respiratory virus vaccines have already been demonstrated. Of particular concern was reduction IgA, a first line defense against pathogens tract. Here, we describe individual combined mice immunized with an...
ABSTRACT It has recently been established that memory CD8 + T cells induced by viral infection are maintained at unexpectedly high frequencies in the spleen. While it these phenotypically heterogeneous, relatively little is known about functional status of cells. Here we investigated proliferative potential Sendai virus infection. High specific for both dominant and subdominant epitopes persisted many weeks after primary infection, were heterogeneous with respect to CD62L expression...
Recent studies have shown that only a subset of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are able to present bacterial superantigens T cells, leading the suggestion class-II associated peptides may influence superantigen presentation. Here, we assessed potential role on presentation by (a) analyzing ability block peptide-specific cell responses and (b) individual promote I-Ab-expressing T2 cells quantitative defect in antigen processing. A series is described specifically...
The parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are highly contagious respiratory paramyxoviruses and a leading cause of lower tract (LRT) disease. Since no vaccines or antivirals exist, non-pharmaceutical interventions the only means control for these pathogens. Here we used bioluminescence imaging to visualize spatial temporal progression murine PIV1 (Sendai virus) infection in living mice after intranasal inoculation exposure by contact. A non-attenuated luciferase reporter virus (rSeV-luc(M-F*)) that...
Vaccination by intranasal (IN) inoculation with a replication-competent virus forms the basis of licensed and novel candidate respiratory viral vaccines (e.g., cold-adapted influenza vaccine). A positive global impact vaccination depends on vaccine efficacy in developing countries where dietary deficiencies are commonplace. The current study was designed using Sendai (SeV) as model to test antibody-forming cell (AFC) residence isotype expression context vitamin deficiency (VAD). Samples were...
Type I alveolar epithelial cells are a replicative niche for influenza in vivo, yet their response to infection is not fully understood. To better characterize cellular responses, we have created an immortalized murine lung type cell line (LET1). These support spreading virus the absence of exogenous protease and thus permit simultaneous analysis viral replication dynamics host responses. LET1 can be productively infected with human, swine mouse-adapted strains exhibit expression antiviral...
Morbidity and mortality due to viral infections are major health concerns, particularly when individuals vitamin A deficient. Vitamin deficiency significantly impairs mucosal IgA, a first line of defense against virus at its point entry. Previous reports have suggested that CD11cHi dendritic cells (DCs) the gastrointestinal tract produce retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A), which metabolizes precursors retinoic acid support normal immunity. Given upper respiratory (URT) share numerous...
ABSTRACT Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) is the most common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), resulting in tens thousands hospitalizations each year United States alone. No licensed vaccine yet available. We have developed murine PIV-1 (Sendai [SeV]) as a live Jennerian for hPIV-1. Here, we describe testing healthy 3- to 6-year-old hPIV-1-seropositive children dose escalation study. One (5 × 10 5 , 6 or 7 50% egg infectious doses) was delivered by intranasal route study...
Murine herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) is a type 2 gamma herpesvirus that productively infects alveolar epithelial cells during the acute infection and establishes long-term latency in B lung cells. In C57BL/6 mice, T specific for lytic cycle MHV-68 epitope p56/Db dominate phase of infection, whereas another epitope, p79/Kb, later phases infection. To further understand this response, we analyzed kinetics Ag presentation vivo using panel lacZ-inducible cell hybridomas several epitopes, including...