By northern blot analysis and ribonuclease protection assay, we observed the presence of a high level trkB mRNA in primary brain cultures devoid neuronal cells highly enriched glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astroglial prepared from newborn rat cerebral hemispheres, cortex, hippocampus, striatum. In cultures, more abundant transcripts code for truncated receptor without tyrosine kinase activity; probes specific full-length did not detect any signal analysis. sensitive could show...

The production of nitric oxide by the calcium-independent inducible synthase (iNOS) in glial cells has been implicated neuropathogenesis various diseases. It is well known that response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, are induced synthesize large amount (NO) (Bolaños et al., 1996; Nicoletti 1998). signaling transduction pathways for iNOS transcription astroglial have however not yet established. Because IFN-gamma receptor chains associated with Janus tyrosine...

The level of the mRNA for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), major intermediate filaments astroglial cells, and activity glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme selectively localized in astrocytes, were measured at different times after a unilateral mechanical lesion rat cerebral cortex. A rapid early increase (6 hours post-lesion) GFAP was observed; reached peak 1-3 days then decreased. Moreover, astrocytic activation cortical zones far from injury site contralateral hemisphere detected....

Abstract Herein, we assessed the effect of Ferulic Acid (FA), a natural antioxidant with anti-cancer effect, on human glioblastoma cells through molecular and Delayed Luminescence (DL) studies. DL, phenomenon ultra-week emission optical photons, was used to monitor mitochondrial assessment. The FA loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) also assessed. To validate NLCs as drug delivery system for treatment, particular attention focused their effect. We found that free induced...

Excitatory amino acids stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in primary cultures of astrocytes, as reflected by an increased formation [3H]inositol monophosphate [( 3H]InsP) the presence 10 mM Li+. Quisqualate was most potent activator hydrolysis, followed glutamate and ibotenate. Kainate exhibited low activity, whereas N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionate (AMPA) were inactive. The increase [3H]InsP induced potentiated after 12-h exposure to...

Notch signaling is deregulated in human gliomas and may play a role their malignancy. However, the of each receptor glioma cell differentiation progression not clear. We examined expression pattern receptors compared it with markers lines, primary cultures, biopsies different grades. Furthermore, effects γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) on survival were assessed. cellular analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry. GSI sensitivity was...

The G protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 mediates the homologous desensitisation of type-1 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu1) receptors and is predominantly expressed in testis. Hence, we searched for expression mGlu1 or other mGlu subtypes rat human testes. RT-PCR analysis showed presence mGlu1, -4 -5 (but not -2 -3) mRNA mGlu2/3) proteins was also demonstrated by Western blot analysis. In testis, both mGlu1a were highly cells germinal line. It likely that these are functional, because...

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and ciliary neurotrophic (CNTF) have pleiotropic actions on many cell types. In the presence of these factors, oligodendroglia respond by enhanced survival when deprived trophic factors or in cytotoxic cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). To determine whether two oligodendroglial converge their signaling cascades, we examined JAK/STAT pathways enriched oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors progenitor OL line, central glia-4 (CG-4). Cytokine such as been...

Abstract We have studied the expression of a‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate (AMPA) receptor subunits in cultured cerebellar granule cells [7 days vitro (DIV)] grown medium containing different concentrations K ± (10, 25, or 40 mM ) with without 100 μM N ‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA; added once after 2 DIV). All these conditions are known to influence maturation and survival cells, as well functional NMDA receptors during development culture. The both glutamate (GluR) subunit 1...

Abstract In the present study various extracellular factors, acting through different second messenger systems, were examined for their capacity to increase level of c‐fos mRNA in primary glial cell cultures. particular EGF, 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate, beta‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, and glutamate agonists, ibotenic quisqualic acid, studied. All stimuli tested induced a rapid transient cultures regardless signal transduction pathway final effect on proliferation.

Abstract: We have characterized the genomic response of astroglial cells to excitatory amino acids by using selective agonists and antagonists for various receptor subtypes analyzing different primary genes, such as members Fos (c‐ fos fosB ) Jun jun, junB , junD) families, zif/268 c‐ myc. A rapid transient elevation mRNA levels was observed after addition glutamate cultured astrocytes, whereas junD myc expression not affected. The level AP‐1 DNA binding activity, measured electrophoretic...

We have studied the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mRNA by Northern blot analysis with a specific cDNA probe (the pmGR1 probe). In 1-day-old rats, steady state levels were higher in hypothalamus and olfactory bulb, intermediate cerebellum low hippocampus cerebral cortex. hypothalamus, cortex, mGluR remained constant at 8 30 days postnatal life. contrast, hippocampus, increased progressively age. There was no correlation between stimulation polyphosphoinositide...

Glutamate receptors coupled to polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis (metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR), are highly efficient during the early stages of postnatal life and thought be involved in developmental plasticity. The dramatic decrease with age mGluR activity suggests existence mechanisms that down-regulate this receptor after a certain stage neuronal maturation. In cultured cerebellar granule neurons grown under conditions promote survival maturation cells (serum-containing...

Abstract: Excitatory amino acid (EAA)‐induced polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis was studied during the development in culture of cerebellar granule cells. The developmental pattern similar using metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptor (mGluR) agonists, including L‐Glu, quisqualate, and trans ‐(±)‐1‐amino‐1,3‐cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid: stimulation [ 3 H]inositol monophosphate ([ H]‐InsP) formation low at 2 days vitro (DIV), but response increased steeply, reaching a peak 4 DIV, followed...

Abstract We analysed AMPA ionotropic receptor subunits at the mRNA level (GluR‐1 to ‐4) and protein GluR‐2/3/4C) in “primary astroglial cultures” (non‐neuronal cell cultures highly enriched glial fibrillary acidic [GFAP] positive cells) prepared from newborn rat cerebral hemispheres, cortex, hippocamps, striatum “brain non‐neuronal (low percentage of GFAP cerebellum, brainstem, mesencephalon, hypothalamus. For comparison, we also determined ampa subunit levels different brain regions. By...

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) represent glial supporting neuronal turnover in the olfactory system. In vitro, OECs promote axonal growth as a source of neurotrophic factors; vivo, they produce myelin, promoting remyelination damaged axons. Consequently, OEC transplantation appears to be promising treatment for spinal cord injury, although functional recovery is limited. This might ascribed microenvironment at lesion site, lacking factors (GFs), nutrients, and oxygen. To mimic this...