The significance of oscillations that characterize the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease is still under debate. Here, we analysed spectral and spatial characteristics 314 microelectrode trajectories from 128 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery for disease. We correlated pathophysiology with outcome surgery, as evaluated by third section Unified Disease Rating Scale (motor score), which was subdivided into tremor, rigidity, limb-bradykinesia axial-bradykinesia...

Abstract Positive therapeutic response without adverse side effects to subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) depends a large extent on electrode location within the STN. The sensorimotor region of STN (seemingly preferred lies dorsolaterally, in also marked by distinct beta (13–30 Hz) oscillations parkinsonian state. In this study, we present real‐time method accurately demarcate subterritories during surgery, based microelectrode recordings (MERs)...

Implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treatment Parkinson disease is often performed using microelectrode recording (MER) STN population spike activity. The extent to which sedative drugs interfere with MER unknown. We recorded activity neurons during propofol sedation and examined its effect on neuronal activity.The procedure was DBS surgery disease. administered (50 μg/kg/min) at a constant electrode location until stable achieved....

Significance Descriptions of impaired coherent motion perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) underlie theories that individuals with ASD have difficulty integrating local “parts” into a global percept. This notion maintains widespread influence and motivates recent defective multisensory integration ASD. However, heightened sensitivity to sensory noise, used manipulate task predominant visual stimuli, may provide an alternative explanation for performance. Here we indeed found...

Multisensory calibration is fundamental for proficient interaction within a changing environment. Initial studies suggested visual-dominant mechanism. More recently, cue-reliability-based model, similar to optimal cue integration, has been proposed. However, more general, reliability-independent model of fixed-ratio adaptation (of which visual dominance subcase) never tested. Here, we studied behavior both humans and monkeys performing heading-discrimination task. Subjects were presented...

Abstract Trial-by-trial correlations between neural responses and choices (choice probabilities) are often interpreted to reflect a causal contribution of neurons task performance. However, choice probabilities may arise from top-down, rather than bottom-up, signals. We isolated distinct sensory decision contributions single-unit activity recorded the dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) ventral intraparietal (VIP) areas monkeys during perception self-motion. Superficially, in both show...

Abstract Parkinson’s disease is prototypically a movement disorder. Although perceptual and motor functions are highly interdependent, much less known about deficits in disease, which observable by nature, might go unnoticed if not tested directly. It therefore imperative to seek identify these, fully understand the challenges facing patients with disease. Also, may be related symptoms. Posture, gait balance, affected rely on veridical perception of one’s own motion (self-motion) space. Yet...

Abstract Perceptual decisions are biased by recent perceptual history—a phenomenon termed 'serial dependence.' Here, we investigated what aspects of lead to serial dependence, and disambiguated the influences low-level sensory information, prior choices motor actions. Participants discriminated whether a brief visual stimulus lay left/right screen center. Following series ‘prior’ location discriminations, subsequent ‘test’ discriminations were toward choices, even when these reported via...

An intriguing aspect of the human mind is our knowledge that perceptions may be false. Our frequent exposure to non-veridical such as those found in dreams, illusions and hallucinations cause us examine actuality sensory experiences. As humans continuously monitor veridicality their a process termed Sense Reality (SoR). Moreover, central criterion assessment neurological psychiatric health. The scientific study hallucinatory experiences has been hindered by transitory, subjective, ineffable...

There is a consensus that in Parkinson's disease, the extent of preoperative levodopa responsiveness predicts efficacy subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS). However, this may be result statistical methods and primary assumptions. We were able to reproduce previously published correlation results on our data (N = 49 patients). Yet, these same demonstrated even after random shuffling data. Notably, we did not observe between STN DBS when using their respective baselines...

Background: Accurate detection of the boundaries subthalamic nucleus (STN) in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery using microelectrode recording (MER) is considered to refine localization and may therefore improve clinical outcome. However, MER tends extend operation time its cost-utility balance has been debated. Objectives: To quantify tradeoff between accuracy STN spatial temporal parameters that effect an automated method. Methods: We retrospectively estimated on data from 100...

Abstract Background Threat and individual differences in threat-processing bias perception of stimuli the environment. Yet, their effect on one’s own (body-based) self-motion space is unknown. Here, we tested effects threat using a multisensory motion simulator with concurrent threatening or neutral auditory stimuli. Results Strikingly, had opposite vestibular visual perception, leading to overestimation vestibular, but underestimation self-motions. Trait anxiety tended be associated an...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests sensory and perceptual atypicalities. Recent theories suggest that these may reflect a reduced influence of prior information in ASD. Some studies have found adaptation to recent stimuli However, the effects choices can counteract one-another. Here, we investigated this using two different tasks (in cohorts): (i) visual location discrimination (ii) multisensory (visual-vestibular) heading discrimination. We fit data logistic regression model...

The adult brain demonstrates remarkable multisensory plasticity by dynamically recalibrating itself based on information from multiple sensory sources. After a systematic visual–vestibular heading offset is experienced, the unisensory perceptual estimates for subsequently presented stimuli are shifted toward each other (in opposite directions) to reduce conflict. neural substrate of this recalibration unknown. Here, we recorded single-neuron activity dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd),...

Abstract Increased dependence on visual cues in Parkinson's disease (PD) can unbalance the perception‐action loop, impair multisensory integration, and affect everyday function of PD patients. It is currently unknown why patients seem to be more reliant their cues. We hypothesized that may overconfident reliability (precision) In this study we tested coherent motion perception PD, probed subjective (self‐reported) confidence perception. Twenty with idiopathic 21 healthy aged‐matched controls...

Abstract Background The brain uses recent history when forming perceptual decisions. This results in carryover effects perception. Although separate sensory and decisional have been shown many tasks, their existence nature temporal processing are unclear. Here, we investigated whether how previous stimuli choices affect subsequent duration perception, vision audition. Results In a series of three experiments, participants were asked to classify visual or auditory into “shorter” “longer”...

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with prior radio‐frequency lesions in the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi, pallidotomy), whose symptoms have deteriorated, may be candidates for further invasive treatment such as subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS). Six pallidotomy (five unilaterally; one bilaterally) underwent bilateral STN DBS. The microelectrode recordings (MERs, used intraoperatively verification), ipsilateral and contralateral to pallidotomy, MERs from 11...

Multisensory plasticity enables our senses to dynamically adapt each other and the external environment, a fundamental operation that brain performs continuously. We searched for neural correlates of adult multisensory in dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) ventral intraparietal (VIP) 2 male rhesus macaques using paradigm supervised calibration. report little responses relatively low-level cortical MSTd. In contrast, are found higher-level VIP, an with strong decision-related...