Abstract Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils has drawn considerable attention with increasing environmental consciousness. We attempted continuous methanolysis of oil by an enzymatic process. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase was found to be the most effective for among lipases tested. The enzyme inactivated shaking in a mixture containing more than 1.5 molar equivalents methanol against oil. To fully convert its corresponding methyl esters, at least 3 are needed. Thus, reaction...

Abstract Candida antarctica lipase is inactivated in a mixture of vegetable oil and more than 1∶2 molar equivalent methanol against the total fatty acids. We have revealed that inactivation was eliminated by three successive additions 1∶3 developed three‐step methanolysis which over 95% triacylglycerols (TAG) were converted to their corresponding methyl esters (ME). In this study, not even though 2∶3 present acylglycerols (AG) 33% ME (AG/ME33). This finding led two‐step TAG: The first‐step...

Abstract The conversion of waste edible oil to biodiesel fuel in a fixed‐bed bioreactor was investigated. Three‐step methanolysis conducted using three columns packed with 3 g immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. A mixture and 1/3 molar equivalent methanol against total fatty acids the used as substrate for first‐step reaction, mixtures first‐ second‐step eluates were second‐ third‐step reactions, respectively. Ninety percent converted corresponding methyl esters (ME) by feeding into...

Cleaning and sterilization are critical Prerequisite Programs in sanitation management based on HACCP. Most food factories clean sanitize equipment daily after production using detergents containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC). However, that produce oil fat-rich foods, it has been discovered microbes can persist equipment. Insufficient cleaning protocols may result secondary contamination of the final products. Unfortunately, there limited agents available effective sterilizing presence oil....

Abstract Acid oil, a by‐product of vegetable oil refining, was enzymatically converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). contained free acids (FFA), acylglycerols, and lipophilic compounds. First, acylglycerols (11 wt%) were hydrolyzed at 30 °C by 20 units Candida rugosa lipase/g‐mixture with 40 wt% water. The resulting layer containing 92 FFA used for the next reaction, esterification FAME immobilized antarctica lipase. A mixture 66 34 methanol (5 mol FFA) shaken 1.0 degree reached 96%...

Abstract NMR observation revealed that bidirectional conversion occurred between 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) and glycidol in the course of analytical procedure DFG standard method C‐III 18 (09), option A; 3‐MCPD was partly converted to at transesterification step, derivatization step conducted 80 °C under acidic condition presence NaCl. Based on proton numbers observed by 1 H NMR, degrees were estimated be 37 >70%, respectively. In addition, epoxide ring‐opening its esters found...

Abstract Euglena gracilis produces wax ester under hypoxic and anaerobic culture conditions with a net synthesis of ATP. In fermentation, fatty acids are synthesized by reversing beta‐oxidation in mitochondria. A major species produced E. is myristyl myristate (14:0‐14:0Alc). Because its shorter carbon chain length saturated compounds, biodiesel from may have good cold flow properties high oxidative stability. We reasoned that slight metabolic modification would enable to produce biofuel...

A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate an indirect enzymatic method for the analysis of fatty acid esters 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), 2-monochloro-1,3-propanediol (2-MCPD), and glycidol (Gly) in edible oils fats. The is characterized by use Candida rugosa lipase, which hydrolyzes at room temperature 30 min. Hydrolysis bromination steps convert 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD, free 3-monobromo-1,2-propanediol, respectively, are then derivatized with phenylboronic acid, analyzed gas...

Abstract Acid oil is a by‐product in the neutralization step of vegetable refining and an alternative source biodiesel fuel. A model substrate acid oil, which composed TAG FFA, was used experiments on conversion to FAME by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase. FFA mixture TAG/FFA were efficiently esterified with methanol (MeOH), but water generated esterification significantly inhibited methanolysis TAG. We thus attempted convert two‐step process comprising methyl C. The first reaction...

Abstract Soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) contains steryl esters in addition to tocopherols and sterols. Tocopherols sterols have been industrially purified from SODD but no purification process for has developed. was efficiently separated low b.p. substances (including sterols) high 11.2 wt% DAG, 32.1 TAG, 45.4 esters) by molecular distillation. The fraction is referred as soybean ester concentrate (SODDSEC). We attempted purify after a lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of acylglycerols...

Abstract The purification of tocopherols and phytosterols (referred to as sterols) from soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) was attempted. Tocopherols sterols in the SODD were first recovered by short‐path distillation, which named sODD tocopherol/sterol concentrate (SODDTSC). SODD‐TSC contained MAG, DAG, FFA, unidentified hydrocarbons addition two substances interest. It then treated with Candida rugosa lipase convert FA steryl esters, acylglycerols FFA FAME. Methanol (MeOH), however,...

Abstract The regioisomers of the di‐ and mono‐oleate monochloropropanediol (MCPD) have been synthesized subsequently hydrolyzed with pancreatic lipase pancreatin to estimate intestinal digestion absorption these compounds after their intake. hydrolysates were analyzed by HPLC using a corona charged aerosol detection system, which allowed for separation different MCPD esters. also GC–MS monitor free MCPD. results indicated that two acyl groups 2‐MCPD‐1,3‐dioleate smoothly give 2‐MCPD. In...

A mixture of oil/ethanol (1:3, w/w) was shaken at 30 degrees C with 4% immobilized Candida antarctica lipase by weight the reaction mixture. The regiospecifically converted FA 1- and 3-positions to ethyl esters, acted on C14-C24 a similar degree. content 2-MAG reached maximum after 4 h; 28-29 mol% based total amount in 59-69% ethanolysis. Only were present during first h, 1(3)-MAG detected 7 h. After removal ethanol from 4-h evaporation, fractionated silica gel column chromatography....

Abstract A protocol for the analysis of positional distribution fatty acids (FA) in solid triacylglycerols (TAG) was developed using sn ‐1(3) selective alcoholysis catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). One part weight fat and ten parts ethanol (99.5 %) were warmed to liquefy fat. After adding 0.44 CALB, mixture shaken at 50 °C 10 min then 30 2.8 h. The recovery 2‐MAG after 3‐h transesterification reaction ca . 85 % maximum theoretical yield (33 mol%), with loss 15...

Lipase‐catalyzed production of biodiesel has been proven an effective method, particularly for using low‐quality feedstocks. Recently, different lipases in their free and immobilized forms have proposed used at lab as well semi‐ full‐industrial scales second generation feedstocks characterized by a high content fatty acids (FFAs). Enzymatic third derived from oleaginous microorganisms also successfully evaluated. However further research is still needed order to justify economically the such...

Abstract Pure 2‐monochloro‐1,3‐propanediol (2‐MCPD) was successfully synthesized, identified, and first quantified by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft (DGF) standard method C‐VI 18 (10), with a calculable detection sensitivity relative to 3‐monochloro‐1,2‐propanediol (3‐MCPD) of 3.26‐fold, using QP‐2010 GC/MS instrument. The sensitivities other instruments can be determined individual ion‐ratio fragment precursor 3‐MCPD‐ d 5 as reference. Quantification 2‐MCPD is possible...