In vivo somatosensory stimuli evoked the release of substance P from primary afferent neurons that terminate in spinal cord and stimulated endocytosis receptors rat neurons. The distal dendrites showed receptor internalization underwent morphological reorganization, changing a tubular structure to one characterized by swollen varicosities connected thin segments. This dendritic structural reorganization provided specific image activated P. Thus can drive reversible changes central nervous...

The lithium–pilocarpine model of status epilepticus (SE) was used to study the type and distribution seizure-induced neuronal injury in rat its consequences during development. Cell death evaluated hematoxylin- eosin-stained sections by electron microscopy. Damage CA1 neurons maximal 2- 3-week-old pups decreased as a function age. On other hand, damage hilar CA3 minimal 2-week-old but reached an adult-like pattern animals, amygdalar increased progressively with animals also demonstrated...

Since the human visual system (HVS) is ultimate assessor of image quality, current research on design objective quality metrics tends to include an important feature HVS, namely, attention. Different for prediction have been extended with a computational model attention, but resulting gain in reliability so far was variable. To better understand basic added value including attention metrics, we used measured data this end, performed two eye-tracking experiments: one free-looking task and...

More and more users are getting used to posting images text on social networks share their emotions or opinions. Accordingly, multimodal sentiment analysis has become a research topic of increasing interest in recent years. Typically, there exist affective regions that evoke human an image, which usually manifested by corresponding words people's comments. Similarly, people also tend portray the image when composing descriptions. As result, relationship between associated is great...

This paper presents a perception-aware decomposition and fusion framework for underwater image enhancement (UIE). Specifically, general structural patch (SPDF) approach is introduced. SPDF built upon the of two complementary pre-processed inputs in conceptually independent space. First, raw to produce versions including contrast-corrected detail-sharpened image. Then, each them decomposed into three components, i.e., mean intensity, contrast, structure, via (SPD). Afterwards, corresponding...

Numerous single image super-resolution (SISR) algorithms have been proposed during the past years to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) from its low-resolution (LR) observation. However, how fairly compare performance of different SISR algorithms/results remains challenging problem. So far, lack comprehensive human subjective study on large-scale real-world datasets and accurate objective quality assessment metrics makes it unreliable truly understand algorithms. We in this paper make...

Previous studies have shown that the expression of neuropeptide galanin in hippocampus is altered by seizures and exogenous administration into attenuates seizure severity. To address role endogenous modulation hippocampal excitability its possible mechanisms, we studied two types transgenic mice: mice with a targeted disruption gene (GalKO) overexpress under dopamine-β-hydroxylase promoter (GalOE). GalKO showed increased propensity to develop status epilepticus after perforant path...

Background and Purpose —The mechanisms of excitotoxic cell death in cerebral ischemia are poorly understood. In addition to necrosis, apoptotic may occur. The purpose this study was determine whether an established model hypoxia-ischemia the neonatal rat demonstrates any features apoptosis. Methods —Seven-day-old rats underwent bilateral, permanent carotid ligation followed by 1 hour hypoxia, their brains were examined 1, 3, 4 days after hypoxia-ischemia. severity ischemic damage assessed...

Although the neurokinin-1 (NK-1)/substance P (SP) receptor is expressed by neurons throughout spinal dorsal horn, noxious chemical stimulation in normal rat only induces internalization of cell bodies and dendrites lamina I. Here we compared effects mechanical thermal rats with persistent hindpaw inflammation. Electron microscopic analysis confirmed upregulation that occurs inflammation demonstrated absence superimposed stimulation, increased was, as rats, concentrated on plasma membrane. In...

A novel no-reference metric that can automatically quantify ringing annoyance in compressed images is presented. In the first step a recently proposed region detection method extracts regions which are likely to be impaired by artifacts. To these detected regions, visibility of artifacts estimated, and compared activity corresponding local background. The score calculated for each individual averaged over all yield whole image. psychovisual experiment carried out measure subjectively...

Advances in image quality assessment have shown the potential added value of including visual attention aspects its objective assessment. Numerous models saliency are implemented and integrated different metrics (IQMs), but gain reliability resulting IQMs varies to a large extent. The causes trends this variation would be highly beneficial for further improvement IQMs, not fully understood. In paper, an exhaustive statistical evaluation is conducted justify computational assessment, using 20...

This paper proposes to blindly evaluate the quality of images synthesized via a depth image-based rendering (DIBR) procedure. As significant branch virtual reality (VR), superior DIBR techniques provide free viewpoints in many real applications, including remote surveillance and education; however, limited efforts have been made measure performance techniques, or equivalently DIBR-synthesized views, especially condition when references are unavailable. To achieve this aim, we develop novel...

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have significantly advanced computational modelling for saliency prediction. However, accurately simulating the mechanisms of visual attention in human cortex remains an academic challenge. It is critical to integrate properties vision into design CNN architectures, leading perceptually more relevant Due inherent inductive biases there a lack sufficient long-range contextual encoding capacity. This hinders CNN-based models from capturing that emulate...

Many dense 3D point clouds have been exploited to represent visual objects instead of traditional images or videos. To evaluate the perceptual quality various clouds, in this letter, we propose a novel and efficient Reduced-Reference metric for which is based on Content-oriented sAliency Projection (RR-CAP). Specifically, make first attempt simplify reference distorted into projected saliency maps with downsampling operation. Through process, tackle issue transmitting large-volume original...

Recent advancements in blind image quality assessment (BIQA) are primarily propelled by deep learning technologies. While leveraging transformers can effectively capture long-range dependencies and contextual details images, the significance of local information be undervalued. To address this challenging problem, we propose a novel feature enhancement framework tailored for BIQA. Specifically, devise an Adaptive Graph Attention (AGA) module to simultaneously augment both information. It not...

We examined the role of hippocampal galanin in an animal model status epilepticus (SE). Control rats showed abundant galanin-immunoreactive (Gal-IR) fibers dentate hilus, whereas no Gal-IR neurons were observed. Three hours after onset self-sustaining SE (SSSE), induced either by intermittent stimulation perforant path for 30 min (PPS) or injection lithium and pilocarpine, disappeared hilus remained absent up to 1 week afterward. Twelve induction PPS 3 hr pilocarpine administration, appeared...

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) methods aim to predict of images as perceived by humans without access a reference image. Recently, deep learning have gained substantial attention in the research community and proven useful for BIQA. Although previous study neural networks (DNN) is presented, some novelty DNN methods, which are recently proposed, not summarized In this paper, we provide survey covering various First, systematically analyze existing DNN-based according role DNN. Then,...

Although epilepsy often begins in childhood, factors that contribute to the development of as a consequence status epilepticus (SE) during early are poorly understood. We investigated animal models which seizure-induced epileptogenicity could be studied. Rats undergoing self-sustaining SE induced by perforant path stimulation (PPS) at ages postnatal day 21 (P21) and P35 were compared with those subjected lithium pilocarpine (LiPC). only one PPS P21 developed chronic spontaneous seizures...

Substance P (SP), a member of the tachykinin family, is widely distributed in central nervous system and involved variety physiological processes including cardiovascular function, inflammatory responses, nociception. We show here that intrahippocampal administration SP triggers self-sustaining status epilepticus (SSSE) response to stimulation perforant path for periods too brief have any effect control rats, this SSSE generates pattern acute hippocampal damage resembling known occur human...

Epileptic seizures are associated with increases in hippocampal excitability, but the mechanisms that render hippocampus hyperexcitable chronically (in epilepsy) or acutely status epilepticus) poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests substance P (SP), a peptide has been implicated cardiovascular function, inflammatory responses, and nociception , also contributes to excitability epilepticus, part by enhancing glutamate release. Here we report mice disruption of preprotachykinin A gene,...

A novel no-reference blockiness metric that provides a quantitative measure of blocking annoyance in block-based DCT coding is presented. The incorporates properties the human visual system (HVS) to improve its reliability, while additional cost introduced by HVS minimized ensure use for real-time processing. This mainly achieved calculating local pixel-based distortion artifact itself, combined with visibility means simplified model masking. overall computation efficiency and accuracy...