The purpose of this study was to document the temporal changes in vascular reactivity occurring simultaneously central, peripheral and microvascular resistance arteries same cohort women during normal menstrual cycle. Twenty-three (n = 23) (mean age (+/-SD) 19 +/- 1 y) were tested four phases a Delineation occurred as follows: (1) early follicular phase; (2) late (LF) (3) luteal (EL) (4) phase. Non-invasive measurement central hemodynamics artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) performed using...

Background— Mechanisms responsible for anti-ischemic benefits of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) remain unknown. This was the first randomized sham-controlled study to investigate extracardiac effects EECP on peripheral artery flow-mediated dilation. Methods and Results— Forty-two symptomatic patients with coronary disease were (2:1 ratio) thirty-five 1-hour sessions either (n=28) or sham (n=14). Flow-mediated dilation brachial femoral arteries performed use ultrasound. Plasma...

We tested the hypotheses that (1) nitric oxide (NO) contributes to augmented skeletal muscle vasodilatation during hypoxic exercise and (2) combined inhibition of NO production adenosine receptor activation would attenuate more than alone. In separate protocols subjects performed forearm (10% 20% maximum) normoxia normocapnic hypoxia (80% arterial O(2) saturation). protocol 1 (n = 12), received intra-arterial administration saline (control) synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine...

Large artery stiffness is a major risk factor for the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Persistent prehypertension accelerates progression arterial stiffness. Forty-three unmedicated prehypertensive (systolic blood pressure (SBP) = 120–139mm Hg or diastolic (DBP) 80–89mm Hg) men women 15 normotensive time-matched control subjects (NMTCs; n 15) aged 18–35 years age met screening requirements participated in study. Prehypertensive were randomly assigned to resistance...

Endurance exercise is efficacious in reducing arterial stiffness. However, the effect of resistance training (RT) on stiffening controversial. High-intensity, high-volume RT has been shown to increase stiffness young adults. We tested hypothesis that an protocol consisting progressively higher intensity without concurrent increases volume would not elicit either central or peripheral alter aortic pressure wave reflection men and women. The group (n = 24; 21 +/- 1 years) performed two sets...

Prehypertensives exhibit marked endothelial dysfunction, a risk factor for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the ability of exercise to ameliorate dysfunction in prehypertensives is grossly underinvestigated. This prospective randomized controlled study examined separate effects resistance endurance training on conduit artery function young prehypertensives. Forty-three unmedicated prehypertensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP]=120-139 mmHg; diastolic [DBP]=80-89 mmHg)...

Increased arterial stiffness is associated with higher levels of aortic wave reflection and blood pressure. Recent evidence suggests a link between muscle sympathetic nerve activity indices stiffness. Therefore, the aims this study were to examine relationship resting characteristics pressure influence sex on these relationships. In 44 subjects (23 females 21 males; 25 ± 1 years age), we measured via peroneal microneurography. addition, noninvasive waveforms synthesized from radial obtained...

We have previously demonstrated that aging reduces the compensatory vasodilator response during hypoxic exercise due to blunted nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Recent evidence suggests NO bioavailability can be augmented by dietary nitrate through nitrate-nitrite pathway. Thus we tested hypothesis acute supplementation increases exercise, particularly in older adults. Thirteen young (25 ± 1 yr) and 12 (64 2 adults performed rhythmic forearm at 20% of maximum voluntary contraction normoxia...

Aging has been recently associated with increased retrograde and oscillatory shear in peripheral conduit arteries, a hemodynamic environment that favors proatherogenic endothelial cell phenotype. We evaluated whether nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability resistance vessels contributes to age-related differences rate patterns upstream arteries at rest during rhythmic muscle contraction. Younger (n=11, age 26 ± 2 years) older 61 healthy subjects received intra-arterial saline (control) the NO...

Central (aortic) blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and sympathetic nerve activity increase with age in women. However, it is unknown if the age-related influences aortic hemodynamics carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), an index of central stiffness. The goal this study was to determine cfPWV are directly influenced by measuring hemodynamics, cfPWV, muscle (MSNA) women before during autonomic ganglionic blockade trimethaphan camsylate. We studied 12 young premenopausal (23 ± 4 yr)...

Prolonged sitting induces endothelial dysfunction in healthy young adults, which has been demonstrated to be offset by intermittent fidgeting and standing. No information exists on the effect of sedentary middle-age whether common workplace counterinterventions (i.e., desk standing/desk pedaling) mitigate sitting-induced dysfunction.The objective this study was examine breaking up prolonged with standing or underdesk pedaling prevents popliteal artery sedentary, overweight/obese office...

BackgroundAge is associated with increases in elastic artery stiffness and pulse wave velocity, which cause profound changes arterial pressure waves, including the augmentation index (AIx) wasted left ventricular (LV) energy. We examined impact of aging on central blood (BP) waveform reflection responses during exercise.

We tested the hypothesis that reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability contributes to attenuated peak and total vasodilation following single-muscle contractions in older adults. Young ( n = 10; 24 ± 2 yr) 67 adults performed single forearm at 10, 20, 40% of maximum during saline infusion (control) NO synthase (NOS) inhibition via N G -monomethyl-l-arginine. Brachial artery diameters velocities were measured using Doppler ultrasound vascular conductance (FVC; ml·min −1 ·100 mmHg ) was...

We tested the hypotheses that (1) compensatory vasodilatation in skeletal muscle during hypoxic exercise is attenuated ageing humans and (2) local inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis forearm will have less impact on dilatation rhythmic with hypoxia, due to a smaller dilator response. Eleven healthy older subjects (61 ± 2 years) performed (10% 20% maximum) saline infusion (control) NO synthase (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine; L-NMMA) under normoxic normocapnic (80% arterial O2 saturation)...

In humans, β-adrenergic receptor activation causes a substantial portion of hypoxic vasodilation in skeletal muscle at rest and during forearm exercise. Recent evidence suggests that receptors are either more sensitive or upregulated young women vs. men. Therefore, we examined whether sex influences 31 subjects (15 women/16 men; 26 ± 1 yr). We also potential sex-related differences existed group older adults (6 women/5 61 2 All performed exercise 10 20% maximum under normoxic [80% arterial...

Aging is associated with increased retrograde and oscillatory shear in peripheral conduit arteries of humans. Although the mechanisms responsible for these age-related changes are not completely understood, augmented downstream α-adrenergic tone likely plays a significant role this phenomenon. Therefore, protocol 1, brachial artery diameter blood velocity were measured via Doppler ultrasound during (1) rest (control), (2) endogenous norepinephrine release intra-arterial infusions tyramine,...