A5049159669- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Turtle Biology and Conservation
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
- Agriculture and Rural Development Research
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Vasculitis and related conditions
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Oregon State University
2007-2020
Monell Chemical Senses Center
2016-2018
University of South Florida
2015-2016
University of Michigan
2007
As part of an overall decline in biodiversity, populations many organisms are declining and species being lost at unprecedented rates around the world. This includes amphibians. Although numerous factors affecting amphibian populations, we show potential direct indirect effects climate change on amphibians individual, population community level. Shifts ranges predicted. Changes may affect survival, growth, reproduction dispersal capabilities. Moreover, can alter habitats including...
Summary 1 Phenotypic plasticity may allow an organism to respond temporally variable opportunities for growth and risks of mortality. However, life-history theory assumes that there are often trade-offs between the benefits afforded by in one trait consequences on other traits affect fitness. In organisms with a complex life cycle, occur larval post-metamorphic traits. 2 Many amphibians metamorphose temporary ponds, accelerate development avoid mortality when pond desiccates. A younger age...
Abstract: The amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has received considerable attention due to its role in population declines worldwide. Although many species appear be affected by Bd, there is little information on species-specific differences susceptibility this pathogen. We used a comparative experimental approach examine Bd 6 from the United States. exposed postmetamorphic animals for 30 days and monitored mortality, feeding rates, infection levels. In all...
Species composition within ecological assemblages can drive disease dynamics including pathogen invasion, spread, and persistence. In multi-host systems, interspecific variation in responses to infection creates important context dependency when predicting the outcome of disease. Here, we examine three sympatric host species a single fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which is associated with worldwide amphibian population declines extinctions. Using an experimental approach,...
The new fields of ecological immunology and disease ecology have begun to merge, the classic epidemiology are beginning blend with them. This merger is occurring because integrative study host-parasite interactions providing insights into in ways that traditional methods not. With advent tools, mathematical technological, we could be on verge developing a unified theory infectious disease, one supersedes barriers jargon tradition. Here argue cornerstone any such synthesis will host...
Variation in host responses to pathogens can have cascading effects on populations and communities when some individuals or groups of display disproportionate vulnerability infection differ their competence transmit infection. The fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been detected almost 700 different amphibian species is implicated numerous global population declines. Identifying key hosts the amphibian-Bd system–those who are at greatest risk pose for others–is...
Contributing to the worldwide biodiversity crisis are emerging infectious diseases, which can lead extirpations and extinctions of hosts. For example, fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is associated with amphibian population declines extinctions. Sensitivity Bd varies species, season, life stage. However, there little information on whether sensitivity differs among populations, essential for understanding Bd-infection dynamics formulating conservation strategies. We...
Stress hormones might represent a key link between individual-level infection outcome, population-level parasite transmission, and zoonotic disease risk. Although the effects of stress on immunity are well known, could also affect host–vector interactions via modification host behaviours or vector-feeding patterns subsequent reproductive success. Here, we experimentally manipulated songbird examined feeding preferences, success, productivity mosquito vectors in addition to defensive hosts....
Glucocorticoid stress hormones, such as corticosterone (CORT), have profound effects on the behaviour and physiology of organisms, thus potential to alter host competence contributions individuals population- community-level pathogen dynamics. For example, CORT could rate contacts among hosts, pathogens vectors through its widespread metabolism activity levels. also affect intensity duration shedding risk mortality during infection. We experimentally manipulated songbird CORT, asking how...
Summary Many pathogens infect a wide range of host species. However, variation in the outcome infection often exists amongst hosts and is shaped by intrinsic traits. For example, contact with may trigger changes directed toward preventing, fighting, or tolerating infection. Host responses to are dynamic; they change over time vary depending on health, condition within context environment. Immunological defences an important class that mediate host–pathogen dynamics. Here, we examined...
Lyme disease (LD) is an increasing public health problem. Current laboratory testing insensitive in early infection, the stage at which appropriate treatment most effective preventing sequelae. The Disease Biobank (LDB) collects samples from individuals with symptoms consistent LD presenting or without erythema migrans (EM) annular, expanding skin lesion and uninfected areas of endemicity. Samples were collected 550 participants (298 cases 252 controls) according to institutional review...
For the past several decades, amphibian populations have been decreasing around globe at an unprecedented rate. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, is contributing to declines. Natural and anthropogenic environmental factors are hypothesized contribute these declines by reducing immunocompetence of hosts, making them more susceptible infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced granular glands a frog's skin thought be key...
Environmental variation favors the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. For many species, we understand costs and benefits different phenotypes, but lack a broad understanding how plastic traits evolve across large clades. Using identical experiments conducted North America, examined prey responses to predator cues. We quantified five life‐history magnitude their plasticity for 23 amphibian species/populations (spanning three families genera) when exposed no cues, crushed‐egg predatory...
Body odors change with health status and the of sick animals can induce avoidance behaviors in healthy conspecifics. Exposure to sickness might also alter physiology conspecifics modify they produce. We hypothesized that exposure (but non-infectious) would cagemates. To sickness, we injected mice a bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide. used behavioral odor discrimination assays analytical chemistry techniques followed by predictive classification modeling ask about differences volatile...
Carotenoids are considered beneficial nutrients because they provide increased immune capacity. Although carotenoid research has been conducted in many vertebrates, little done amphibians, a group that is experiencing global population declines from numerous causes, including disease. We raised two amphibian species through metamorphosis on three diets to quantify the effects life-history traits and post-metamorphic susceptibility fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd)....
Abstract The mechanisms by which invasive species negatively affect native include competition, predation, and the introduction of novel pathogens. Moreover, if an is a competent disease reservoir, it may facilitate long-term maintenance spread pathogens in ecological assemblages drive extinction less tolerant or resistant species. Disease-driven loss biodiversity exemplified amphibian–chytrid fungus system. chytridiomycosis caused aquatic chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) anurans...