Over 20 species of asteroids were devastated by a sea star wasting disease (SSWD) epizootic, linked to densovirus, from Mexico Alaska in 2013 and 2014. For Pisaster ochraceus the San Juan Islands, South Puget Sound Washington outer coast, time-series monitoring showed rapid spread, high mortality rates 2014, continuing levels survivors 2015. Peak prevalence at 16 sites ranged 100%, with an overall mean 61%. Analysis longitudinal data risk was correlated both size temperature resulted shifts...

Marine turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a debilitating, infectious neoplastic disease that has reached epizootic proportions in several tropical and subtropical populations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP represents an important health concern sea rehabilitation facilities. The objectives this study were to describe the observed epidemiology, biology, survival rates affected by (FP turtles) environment; evaluate clinical parameters as predictors rehabilitating turtles; provide...

To forecast marine disease outbreaks as oceans warm requires new environmental surveillance tools. We describe an iterative process for developing these tools that combines research, development and deployment suitable systems. The first step is to identify candidate host–pathogen 24 systems we identified include sponges, corals, oysters, crustaceans, sea stars, fishes grasses (among others). illustrate the other steps, present a case study of epizootic shell (ESD) in American lobster....

Temperature is hypothesized to contribute increased pathogenicity and virulence of many marine diseases. The sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) an ectoparasite salmonids that exhibits strong life-history plasticity in response temperature; however, the effect temperature on epidemiology this parasite has not been rigorously examined. We used matrix population modelling examine influence demographic parameters lice parasitizing farmed salmon. Demographically-stochastic projection matrices...

Phenological mismatch-maladaptive changes in phenology resulting from altered timing of environmental cues-is an increasing concern many ecological systems, yet its effects on disease are poorly characterized. American lobster (Homarus americanus) is declining at southern geographic limit. Rising seawater temperatures associated with seasonal outbreaks epizootic shell (ESD), which peaks prevalence the fall. We used a 34-year mark-recapture data set to investigate relationships between...

Seawater temperatures are increasing, with many unquantified impacts on marine diseases. While prolonged temperature stress can accelerate host-pathogen interactions, the outcomes in nature poorly quantified. We monitored eelgrass wasting disease (EWD) from 2013-2017 and correlated mid-summer prevalence of EWD remotely sensed seawater metrics before, during, after 2015-2016 heatwave northeast Pacific, longest recent history. Eelgrass shoot density declined by 60% between 2013 2015 did not...

A major challenge for Atlantic salmon farming in the northern hemisphere is infestation by sea louse parasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis. The most frequent method of controlling these infestations through use chemical treatments. However, areas have observed resistance to common chemotherapeutants. In terrestrial environments, many strategies employed manage evolution involve refugia, where a portion population left untreated maintain susceptibility. While refugia not been deliberately used...

Sea lice are common ectoparasites of farmed and wild salmonids can cause substantial morbidity mortality in their hosts. While sea infections estuarine areas with variable salinity, the effects salinity on population dynamics poorly understood. We used existing literature to parameterize salinity-dependent logistic curves for different life stages lice. then matrix models characterize temperature louse growth. Our showed that low decreases survival, while retards development. In contrast...

Recent increases in emergent infectious diseases have raised concerns about the sustainability of some marine species. The complexity and expense studying systems often dictate that conservation management decisions are made without quantitative data on population-level impacts disease. Mark-recapture is a powerful, underutilized, tool for calculating disease population size structure, even absence etiological information. We applied logistic regression models to mark-recapture obtain...

Climate change is affecting the health and physiology of marine organisms altering species interactions. Ocean acidification (OA) threatens calcifying such as Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. In contrast, seagrasses, eelgrass Zostera marina, can benefit from increase in available carbon for photosynthesis found at a lower seawater pH. Seagrasses remove dissolved inorganic OA environments, creating local daytime pH refugia. oysters may improve by filtering out pathogens Labyrinthula...

1. Recent ecotoxicology studies show that pesticide exposure can alter community composition, structure and function. Generally, responses to pesticides are driven by trait- density-mediated indirect effects resulting from sublethal lethal of on vulnerable taxa. These depend upon the concentration frequency exposure. 2. While more research is needed understand community-level exposure, testing multitudes registered chemicals ecologically relevant communities overwhelming. reviews suggest...

DAO Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsSpecials 108:165-175 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02709 Host demography influences prevalence and severity eelgrass wasting disease Maya L. Groner1,*, Colleen A. Burge2, Courtney S. Couch2, Catherine J. Kim2, Gregor-Fausto Siegmund3, Sonia Singhal4, Samantha C. Smoot5, Ann Jarrell6, Joseph K. Gaydos7, Drew...

Abstract Sea lice, L epeophtheirus salmonis , are ectoparasites of farmed and wild salmonids. Infestations can result in significant morbidity mortality hosts addition to being costly control. Integrated pest management programmes have been developed manage infestations, some salmon farming areas, these include the use wrasse. Wrasse prey upon parasitic life stages . be stocked on farms at varying densities. Despite considerable variation usage wrasse, there few quantitative estimates how...

Seagrasses are ecosystem engineers of essential marine habitat. Their populations rapidly declining worldwide. One potential cause seagrass population declines is wasting disease, which caused by opportunistic pathogens in the genus Labyrinthula. While infection with these common seagrasses, theory suggests that disease only occurs when environmental stressors immunosuppression host. Recent evidence host factors may also contribute to pathogens. In order quantify patterns identify risk...

Temperature can influence mosquito-borne diseases like dengue. These effects are expected to vary geographically and over time in both magnitude direction may interact with other environmental variables, making it difficult anticipate changes response climate change. Here, we investigate global variation temperature–dengue relationship by analyzing published correlations between temperature dengue matching them remotely sensed climatic socioeconomic data. We found that the correlation was...

AEI Aquaculture Environment Interactions Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 10:557-567 (2018) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00290 Intensive oyster aquaculture can reduce disease impacts on sympatric wild oysters Tal Ben-Horin1,2,*, Colleen A. Burge3, David Bushek4, Maya L. Groner5,6, Dina Proestou2, Lauren I. Huey7, Gorka Bidegain8, Ryan B. Carnegie7 1Department of...

AEI Aquaculture Environment Interactions Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 11:507-519 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00324 REVIEW Evaluating potential for sea lice evolve freshwater tolerance as a consequence of treatments in salmon aquaculture Maya L. Groner1,2,*, Emilie Laurin3, Marit Stormoen4, Javier Sanchez3, Mark D. Fast5, Crawford W. Revie3,6 1Prince William...

For the past several decades, amphibian populations have been decreasing around globe at an unprecedented rate. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, is contributing to declines. Natural and anthropogenic environmental factors are hypothesized contribute these declines by reducing immunocompetence of hosts, making them more susceptible infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced granular glands a frog's skin thought be key...

Summary Recent hypotheses suggest that immunosuppression, resulting from altered environmental conditions, may contribute to increased incidence of amphibian disease around the world. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in skin are an important innate immune defense against fungal, viral and bacterial pathogens. Their release is tightly coupled with stress hormone, norepinephrine. During metamorphosis, AMPs constitute primary response some species because acquired functions temporarily suppressed...

Understanding how environmental changes influence the pathogenicity and virulence of infectious agents is critical for predicting epidemiological patterns disease. Thraustochytrids, part larger taxonomic class Labyrinthulomycetes, contain several highly pathogenic species, including hard clam pathogen quahog parasite unknown (QPX). QPX has been associated with large-scale mortality events along northeastern coast North America. Growth physiology temperature-dependent, in local temperature...

Temperature is hypothesized to alter disease dynamics, particularly when species are living at or near their thermal limits. When occurs in marine systems, this can go undetected, if the chronic and progresses slowly. As a result, population-level impacts of diseases be grossly underestimated. Complex migratory patterns, stochasticity recruitment, data knowledge gaps hinder collection analysis on diseases. New tools enabling quantification environments include coupled biogeochemical...