Objective. To study the dynamic processes that drive development of childhood overweight by examining effects prenatal characteristics and early-life feeding (breastfeeding versus bottle feeding) on weight states through age 7 years. We test a model to determine whether influence persistent early tendency toward and/or factors likelihood children will change as they get older. Methods. Data from National Longitudinal Survey Youth’s Child-Mother file were used implement these analyses. A...

Using a confidential version of the NLSY79, we estimate large effects neighborhood social characteristics and job proximity on labor market activity. A variety are associated with less work. Social have nonlinear effects, greatest impact in worst neighborhoods. also more important for less‐educated workers. Exploiting panel aspects our data, find that estimates do not account selection basis time‐invariant time‐varying unobserved individual substantially overstate neighborhoods but understate access.

To determine (1) between-hospital variation in diuretic use for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), including hospital-specific treatment frequency, duration, and percentage of receiving short (≤5 consecutive days) versus longer (>5 courses, to (2) demographic clinical variables associated administration.A retrospective cohort study was conducted the Pediatric Health Information System utilization patterns (primary outcome) among <29-week-gestation evolving BPD at age 28 days who...

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with increased mortality and worsened respiratory outcomes, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), in preterm infants. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are efficacious closing PDA, but the effectiveness of NSAID-mediated PDA closure improving preventing BPD unclear.To determine NSAID treatment for reducing moderate/severe at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.This cohort study included 12 018 infants born 28 gestational or younger...

Abstract Objective This study investigates race and gender differences in the demographic socioeconomic determinants of frequency binge eating using a population‐based sample. Method An analysis self‐reported data on 573 women 360 men (range, 18–97 years) from cross‐sectional, multistage area probability sample individuals aged 18 years older residing Detroit metropolitan conducted 1995. Results For women, is negatively associated with age family income, positively being married, depression,...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the independent effects prenatal environment and cumulated social risks on likelihood being overweight at age 12/13 years. Maternal prepregnancy weight smoking during pregnancy were measures exposures. Average lifetime per capita income mother's marital status cumulative risks. Analysis data from National Longitudinal Survey Youth's Child–Mother file indicated that exposures tobacco smoke in utero, maternal overweight/obesity, unmarried...

The point of this paper is that inventory adjustment attenuates downward pressure on price when realized demand low because firms accumulate hold-overs, speculating will be stronger in the succeeding period. When high firm draws down its inventories until a “stock-out” occurs and rises to clear market.

Objective To evaluate current patterns in empiric antibiotic use for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Study Design Retrospective population-based cohort study of newborns admitted on postnatal day 0 to 1 and discharged from NICUs participating the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS 2006-2013). Analyses included frequency initiation within 3 days birth, duration first course, variation among hospitals. Results Of 158,907 newborns, 118,624 (74.7%) received antibiotics or before 3....

Objective To determine demographic and clinical variables associated with inhaled corticosteroid administration to evaluate between-hospital variation in steroid use for infants bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Design Retrospective Cohort Study. Setting Neonatal units of 35 US children's hospitals; as recorded the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Patients 1429 evolving BPD at 28 days who were born <29 weeks gestation birth weight <1500 grams, admitted within first 7...

Abstract Background Determining whether initiation of preterm birth was spontaneous, or through labour induction caesarean without membrane rupture is critical in surveillance and aetiological research on birth, although this information not explicitly included the US Birth Certificate. Algorithms combining several fields from certificates have been developed to infer initiating event, but none has validated against manual review original obstetric records. Our objective develop a...

Background: Because of the rapid increases in childhood obesity coupled with decreases median age menarche, there is interest how growth (body mass index [BMI] and height) may be associated timing menarche. Objectives: Two research questions were addressed this article: (a) Within each race, at what ages BMI height differences evident among early-, mid-, late-onset groups? And (b) within group, between White African American girls? Methods: The mother/child files National Longitudinal Survey...

To describe inter-center hospital variation in inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) administration to infants born prior 34 weeks' gestation at US children's hospitals.This was a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System determine frequency, age first administration, and length of iNO use among 22 699 consecutive admissions unique <34 admitted 37 hospitals from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2010.A total 1644 (7.2%) received during their hospitalization, with...

This article examines the effect of distance to hospital on preventive care among children using data from National Longitudinal Survey Youth's Child‐Mother file matched 1990 American Hospital Association Survey. Among central‐city black children, each additional mile is associated with a 3‐percentage‐point decline in probability having had checkup (from mean baseline 74%). Moreover, effects are similar for privately and publicly insured children. For this group, access providers as...