A cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) is thought to be a substrate for an abnormal isoform (PrPSc) in scrapie. PrPC abundant tissues central nervous system, but little known about distribution non-neuronal sheep, natural host This study investigated tissue sheep. Although was neuronal tissues, it also detected such as spleen, lymph node, lung, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, uterus, adrenal gland, parotid intestine, proventriculus, abomasum and mammary gland. Neither nor PrP mRNA...

Four methods were evaluated for isolating exosomes from bovine milk: (1) ExoQuick precipitation, (2) ultracentrifugation with (3) density gradient centrifugation, and (4) human milk exosome isolation. Methods 1 4 failed due to differences between milk. Exosomes efficiently isolated by either precipitation (method 2) or centrifugation 3). The highest yield of was achieved using whereas higher quality isolation intact morphological structures centrifugation.

We investigated the relationships between amino acid polymorphisms of prion protein (PrP), restriction fragment length (RFLP) PrP gene and incidence natural scrapie in Japan. Six variant alleles were found healthy sheep. Based on substitutions at codons 112, 136, 154 171, these allelic variants designated PrPMARQ, PrPTARQ, PrPMVRQ, PrPMAHQ, PrPMARR PrPMARH. Each RFLP haplotype (e1h1, e1h2 or e3h1) consisted multiple including PrPMARQ. Three scrapie-affected Suffolk PrPMARQ was associated...

We completed phylogenetic analysis of the major non-coding region mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 159 animals eight Euro-American and six East Asian domesticated pig breeds 164 Japanese five European wild boars. A total 62 mtDNA haplotypes were detected. Alignment these regions revealed nucleotide variations (including gaps) at 73 positions, including 58 sites with transition substitutions, two transversion substitutions. Phylogenetic sequences could not organize domestic into discrete...

Abstract Mitochondrial genetic variations were used to investigate the relationships between two Japanese wild boars, boar ( Sus scrofa leucomystax ) and Ryukyu S.s. riukiuanus ). Nucleotide sequences of control (27 haplotypes) cytochrome b cyt‐b regions (19 determined from 59 13 boars 22 other pigs. From phylogenetic analyses, mtDNA has a distinct lineage that boar, which was classified into Asian pig lineage. This result suggests separate origin boar.

The usefulness of detecting the scrapie-associated fibrillar protein (PrP) in lymphoreticular organs sheep as a diagnostic tool was investigated. PrP detected by means rabbit-anti-sheep polyclonal antibody Western blot analysis. samples from central nervous system (CNS) five six showing clinical signs natural scrapie infection, spleen four and lymph node taken three sheep. samples, but not CNS one that clinically histopathologically abnormal. This animal appeared to be early stage disease. A...

Some public areas in Japan such as parks and gardens can be highly contaminated with pigeon feces. We examined levels of four bacterial contaminations fecal samples from feral pigeons 7 prefectures. isolated Salmonella Typhimurium S. Cerro 17 (3.9%) 436 samples, well Mycobacterium spp. including M. avium-intracellulare complex 29 (19.0%) 153 samples. The polymerase chain reaction detected Chlamydia psittaci C. pecorum 106 (22.9%) 463 but E. coli O-157 was not any the Our results indicate...

Wild boar, Sus scrofa, is an extant wild ancestor of the domestic pig as agro-economically important mammal. boar has a worldwide distribution with its geographic origin in Southeast Asia, but genetic diversity and structure East Asia are poorly understood. To characterize pattern amount variation population we genotyped analyzed microsatellite loci for total 238 specimens from ten locations across six countries Asia. Our data indicated that populations genetically diverse structured,...

Genetics of pigs has been well studied in Europe and Asia, but most previous studies molecular phylogeny Sus scrofa have based on sequences both wild domestic forms. In this study we analysed genetic traits from 13 regions Asia (including previously undisclosed Eastern Caucasus Trans-Baikal regions) using purely boar samples. Mitochondrial control region Y-chromosome genes (AMELY & USP9Y) were employed to resolve phylogeographic relationships. We discussed spatio-temporal dynamics...

Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) major non‐coding regions were amplified from 73 dogs of eight Japanese native dog breeds and 21 16 non‐Japanese by the polymerase chain reaction their sequences determined. A total 51 nucleotide positions within region (969–972 base pairs) showed variations which 48 caused transition. These substitutions abundant in proximate to tRNA Pro . In addition substitutions, mtDNA D‐loop had a heteroplasmic repetitive sequence (TACACGTÀCG) involving size variation....

The C-terminal portion of the prion protein (PrP), corresponding to a protease-resistant core fragment abnormal isoform (PrP(Sc)), is essential for propagation. Antibodies PrP are known inhibit PrP(Sc) accumulation in cells persistently infected with prions. Here it was shown that, addition monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) PrP, mAb recognizing octapeptide repeat region N-terminal part that dispensable formation reduced 50% effective dose as low approximately 1 nM, and, regardless their epitope...

Abstract Although the domestic dog’s origin is still unclear, this lineage believed to have been domesticated from an extinct population of gray wolves, which expected be more closely related dogs than other populations wolves. Here, we sequence whole genomes nine Japanese wolves (7.5–100x: Edo Meiji periods) and 11 modern analyze them together with those A phylogenomic tree shows that, among are closest dog, suggesting that ancestor wolf. Based on phylogenetic geographic relationships, dog...

To characterize amino acid polymorphisms in sheep prion protein (PrP), we analyzed the PrP genes from 271 of 4 breeds (Khalkh, Yeroo, Orkhon and Khangai) raised central Mongolia (Tuv, Uvurkhangai Selenge prefectures). A total 16 genotypes 8 allelic variants gene at codons 112, 136, 154 171 were found. At codon 171, 1.8% had arginine/arginine (R/R) (resistant to scrapie) 66.8% glutamine/glutamine (Q/Q) (susceptible scrapie). Several Yeroo prefecture valine 136 (136V) (highly susceptible...

We cloned the part of bovine PrP gene which contains 5'-flanking region, exon 1, 2 and intron 1 to analyze its promoter region. The 5' non-coding region consisted three exons two introns, organization was similar that mouse, rat sheep genes. from transcription start site nucleotide position -88 (G+C)-rich (78%) contained potential binding sites for factor Sp1, but no CCAAT-box or TATA-box. This showed high homology (89%) with gene, relatively low (approximately 46-62%) same rat, hamster...

The sequence data presented in this paper have been submitted to the DDBJ database and assigned accession numbers D26079 (CPV-Y1), D26080 (CPV-ob1) D26081 (CPV-CP49). Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV), mink enteritis (MEV) canine parvovirus (CPV) are more than 98 % similar DNA predicted amino acid sequences, but they show different host-cell specificities; CPV is able replicate cells culture, whereas FPLV MEV cannot or only a low titre. To map genomic region responsible for host range of...

To assess relationships between nucleotide polymorphisms of the prion protein (PRNP) gene and susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), we investigated in open reading frame (ORF) 2 upper regions PRNP from Japanese cattle breeds: 863 healthy Holstein cattle, 6 BSE-affected 186 Black (JB) cattle. In ORF, found single-nucleotide (SNPs) at positions 234 576 5 or copies octapeptide repeat, but did not find any amino acid substitutions. region, examined sites insertion/deletion...

Phylogeographic characteristics and population structure of Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) were investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data. Sixteen haplotypes detected from partial sequences the mtDNA control region (574-bp) 180 specimens 10 local populations on Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu islands 41 other S. analyzed neighbor-joining method. The boars more closely related to Northeast Asian Mongolia than continental scrofa. not significantly distinguished by...

Twenty-seven isolates of citrate-positive variants Escherichia coli were obtained from domestic pigeons, pigs, cattle, and horses. With the exception citrate utilization, all closely resembled typical E. in their biochemical reactions. These multiply resistant to antibiotics vitro susceptibility tests. Transfer experiments multiple-drug resistance K-12 strain showed that three or more drugs, carried R plasmids showing temperature-sensitive transfer.

Avian AA amyloidosis is commonly observed in adult birds afflicted with bacterial infections or chronic inflammatory disorders. Experimental can be induced by repeated stimulation, such as injection casein vaccination oil-emulsified bacterins. However, the transmission of among avian species has not been studied well to date. In present study, we confirm potential induction inoculation Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine. To determine chicken white hens,...