Anthocyanins are responsible for a variety of bright colors including red, blue, and purple in fruits, vegetables, flowers consumed as dietary polyphenols. Anthocyanin-containing fruits implicated decrease coronary heart disease used antidiabetic preparations. In the present study, we have determined ability anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside (1), delphinidin-3-glucoside (2), cyanidin-3-galactoside (3), pelargonidin-3-galactoside (4), anthocyanidins, cyanidin (5), delphinidin (6),...

Much attention has been focused on food that may be beneficial in preventing diet-induced body fat accumulation and possibly reduce the risk of diabetes heart disease. Cornelian cherries (Cornus mas) are used preparation beverages Europe also to treat diabetes-related disorders Asia. In this study, most abundant bioactive compounds C. mas fruits, anthocyanins ursolic acid, were purified, their ability ameliorate obesity insulin resistance C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet was evaluated. Mice...

Fatty acid elongases and desaturases play an important role in hepatic whole body lipid composition. We examined the that key transcription factors played control of elongase desaturase expression. Studies with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-deficient mice establish PPARα was required for WY14643-mediated induction fatty elongase-5 (Elovl-5), Elovl-6, all three [Δ5 (Δ5D), Δ6D, Δ9D]. Increased nuclear sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) correlated...

Chronically culturing HIT-T15 cells in media containing high glucose concentrations leads to decreased insulin mRNA levels, content, and secretion.These changes can be prevented by the lower glu- cose levels (Robertson, R. P., H.

FK506 (tacrolimus) is an immunosuppressive drug which interrupts Ca2+-calmodulin-calcineurin signaling pathways in T lymphocytes, thereby blocking antigen activation of cell early genes. Regulation insulin gene expression the beta may also involve Ca2+-signaling and has been associated with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus during clinical use. The purpose this study was to characterize effects on human transcription, mRNA levels, secretion using as a model HIT-T15 line. had no acute...

Enhanced production of monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) derived from carbohydrate-enriched diets has been implicated in the development obesity and insulin resistance. The FA elongases Elovl-5 Elovl-6 are regulated by nutrient hormone status, have shown using intact yeast mammalian microsome fractions to be involved synthesis FAs (MUFA). Herein, targeted knockdown overexpression or was used determine their roles de novo specific MUFA species cells. Treatment rat insulinoma (INS)-1 cells with...

We have shown previously that chronic exposure of HIT-T15 cells to supraphysiologic glucose concentrations causes decreased insulin gene transcription and binding activities two beta-cell specific factors, STF-1 the RIPE3b1 activator, suggested these events may provide a mechanism for toxicity on function. However, this contention can be criticized because it is not clear whether observations are unique cell or generalizable other lines islet. Therefore, we cultured betaTC-6 up 41 wk in...

The most important regulator of insulin gene expression in pancreatic beta- cells is glucose, which affects transcription, mRNA translation, and secretion. Insulin transcription both positively negatively regulated by glucose. Recently, we have shown that the inhibition caused passaging HIT T-15 beta-cells, presence high was due, part, to reduced a key enhancer-mediated expression, somatostatin factor-1 (STF-1). In this study, examined whether activity other essential regulators RIPE3b1...

Chronic exposure of HIT-T15 beta cells to elevated glucose concentrations leads decreased insulin gene transcription. The reduction in expression is accompanied by diminished binding a glucose-sensitive transcription factor (termed GSTF) that interacts with two (A+T)-rich elements within the 5' flanking control region gene. In this study we examined whether GSTF corresponds recently cloned STF-1, homeodomain protein whose restricted nucleus endodermal duodenum and pancreas. We found an...

Chronic exposure of HIT-T15 cells to supraphysiologic glucose concentration diminishes insulin gene expression and decreased binding two critical transcription factors, STF-1 RIPE-3b1 activator. To distinguish whether these changes are caused by toxicity or beta cell exhaustion, grown from passage 75 through 99 in media containing 11.1 mM were switched 0.8 at 100. They regained activator had a partial but minimal return mRNA expression. In second study, inclusion somatostatin the...

Induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis by elevated exogenous saturated fatty acids (FAs) plays a role in the pathogenesis β-cell dysfunction loss islet mass type 2 diabetes. Regulation monounsaturated FA (MUFA) synthesis through desaturases elongases may alter susceptibility β-cells to FA-induced ER apoptosis. Herein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1 SCD2 mRNA expression were shown be induced islets from prediabetic hyperinsulinemic Zucker diabetic (ZDF) rats, whereas...

Recent studies in animal models, based on the hypothesis that malignant glioma cells are more dependent glycolysis for energy generation, have shown promising results using ketogenic diet (KD) therapy as an alternative treatment strategy glioma, effectively starving while providing ketone bodies source normal neurons and glial cells. In order to test this humans, we investigated relative expression of several key enzymes involved ketolytic glycolytic metabolism human anaplastic (WHO grade...

Bioassay-guided isolation and purification of hexane ethyl acetate extracts Cabernet Sauvignon grape skin yielded nine compounds (1−9), which were identified as β-sitosterol-6'-linolenoyl-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), β-sitosterol (2), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (3), oleanolic acid (4), aldehyde (5), resveratrol (6), (+)-ε-viniferin (7), (−)-catechin (8), 1-triacontanol (9). The structures these established by spectroscopic methods. assayed for insulin production using an INS-1 cell...

Exposure of insulin-producing cells to elevated levels the free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate results in loss β-cell function and induction apoptosis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one mechanism proposed be responsible for viability response treatment; however, pathways ER by have yet determined. Protein palmitoylation a major posttranslational modification that regulates protein localization, stability, activity. Defects in, or dysregulation of, could which may induce β-cells....

Abstract Aberrant expression of miRNAs in pancreatic islets is closely related to the development type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim this study was identify key dysregulated during T1D progression and develop a theranostic approach modify their using an MRI-based nanodrug consisting iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated miRNA-targeting oligonucleotides mouse model T1D. Isolated were derived from NOD mice three distinct age groups (3, 8 18-week-old). Total RNA collected cultured purified global...

Cyclic AMP accumulation in response to forskolin, cholera toxin, or isoproterenol is dramatically increased HIT T-15 cells, a clonal cell line of Syrian hamster pancreatic islet beta as function passage number. Forskolin and toxin elevate cyclic levels 5- 10-fold higher later passages (87-100) than earlier (70-80). A similar phenomenon observed with (10 microM) which increases 56-fold older cells (passage 94), whereas only marginally stimulating production younger 70-82). To determine...

Chronic hyperglycaemia is detrimental to pancreatic beta-cells by causing impaired insulin secretion and diminished beta-cell function through glucotoxicity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying survival crucial for prevention of failure associated with Autophagy a dynamic lysosomal degradation process that protects organisms against metabolic stress. To date, little known about physiological autophagy in pathogenesis diabetes. In present study, we explored roles exposed high glucose...

We have reported that chronic exposure of HIT-T15 cells to supraphysiological concentrations glucose over many months leads decreased insulin gene transcription and binding activities two β-cell-specific factors, STF-1 C1 activators, postulated these events may provide a mechanism for toxicity on β-cell function. now report culturing the highly differentiated rat insulinoma cell line, INS-1, in above 8.0 mm caused marked decrease mRNA levels within 24 h. The was reversed by further...

Abstract Bioassay‐directed isolation and purification of the methanol extract Moringa oleifera fruits yielded bioactive N ‐benzyl thiocarbamates, carbamates, benzyl nitriles, a ester. Among these, methyl 2‐[4‐( α ‐ L ‐rhamnopyranosyl)phenyl]acetate ( 2 ), ‐[4‐( β ‐rhamnopyranosyl)benzyl]‐1‐ O D ‐glucopyranosylthiocarboxamide 3 1‐ ‐phenyl‐ ‐rhamnopyranoside 5 4‐[( ‐glucopyranosyl)‐(1→3)‐( ‐rhamnopyranosyl)]phenylacetonitrile 6 ) are novel, their structures were determined by spectroscopic...

Abstract Pica, the compulsive ingestion of nonfood items, is a condition that can lead to life-threatening complications, including small bowel obstruction (SBO). This particularly challenging diagnose in individuals with cognitive impairments and limited verbal communication. We present case SBO secondary shoe insole patient autism pica, highlighting diagnostic therapeutic challenges encountered. underscores importance high index suspicion for patients pica impairments. Radiologic imaging...