A5000340818- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Burkholderia infections and melioidosis
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Shoklo Malaria Research Unit
2015-2025
Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
2015-2025
Mahidol University
2015-2025
Angkor Hospital for Children
2013
Naval Medical Research Command
2013
Churchill Hospital
2013
BioFire Diagnostics (United States)
2013
University of Oxford
2010
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2010
Poor targeting of antimicrobial drugs contributes to the millions deaths each year from malaria, pneumonia, and other tropical infectious diseases. While malaria rapid diagnostic tests have improved use antimalarial drugs, there are no similar guide antibiotics in undifferentiated fevers. In this study we estimate accuracy two well established biomarkers bacterial infection, procalcitonin C-reactive protein (CRP) discriminating between common viral infections endemic settings Southeast Asia....
A longitudinal study was undertaken in infants living the Maela refugee camp on Thailand-Myanmar border between 2007 and 2010. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected monthly, from birth to 24 months of age, with additional taken if infant diagnosed pneumonia according WHO clinical criteria. At time collection, cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae multiple serotype carriage assessed. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiles 544 21 analysed see how microbiota changes respiratory infection,...
Background There is a paucity of published reports on pregnancy outcome following scrub and murine typhus despite these infections being leading causes undifferentiated fever in Asia. This study aimed to relate with treatment typhus. Methodology/Principal Findings Data were analyzed from: i) pregnant women diagnosis and/or from cohort studies; ii) case series studies PubMed using the search terms "scrub typhus" (ST), "murine (MT), "Orientia tsutsugamushi", "Rickettsia typhi", "rickettsiae",...
Malaria elimination in Southeast Asia remains a challenge, underscoring the importance of accurately identifying malaria mosquitoes to understand transmission dynamics and improve vector control. Traditional methods such as morphological identification require extensive training cannot distinguish between sibling species, while molecular approaches are costly for screening. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged rapid...
One hundred and eighty febrile patients were analyzed in a prospective evaluation of Orientia tsutsugamushi Rickettsia spp. real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for early diagnosis rickettsial infections. By paired serology, 3.9% (7 180) 6.1% (11 confirmed to have acute scrub or murine typhus, respectively. The PCR the detection O. had high specificity (99.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 96.8–100] 100% CI: 97.8–100], respectively). results also compared with immunoglobulin M...
There are an estimated 150 million episodes of childhood pneumonia per year, with 11-20 hospital admissions and 1.575 deaths. Refugee children particularly vulnerable, poorly defined epidemiology.We followed a birth cohort 955 refugee infants, born over one-year period, until two years age. Clinical radiographic were diagnosed according to WHO criteria. Detailed characteristics collected determine risk factors for clinical, radiological multiple pneumonia. Investigations taken during episode...
Tropical pathogens often cause febrile illnesses in humans and are responsible for considerable morbidity mortality. The similarities clinical symptoms provoked by these make diagnosis difficult. Thus, early, rapid accurate will be crucial patient management the control of diseases. In this study, a microfluidic lab-on-chip integrating multiplex molecular amplification DNA microarray hybridization was developed simultaneous detection species differentiation 26 globally important tropical...
Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum threatens global malaria elimination efforts. To contain and then eliminate artemisinin Eastern Myanmar a network of community-based posts was instituted targeted mass drug administration (MDA) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (three rounds at monthly intervals) conducted. The prevalence during the campaign (2013-2019) characterized.
Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Viruses contribute significantly to pneumonia burden, although data for low-income tropical countries are scarce. The aim this laboratory-enhanced, hospital-based surveillance was characterise epidemiology respiratory virus infections among refugees living on Thailand-Myanmar border. Maela camp provides shelter ~45,000 refugees. Inside camp, humanitarian organisation free hospital care 158-bed inpatient...
Clinically useful diagnostic tests of dengue virus infection are lacking. We prospectively evaluated the performance real-time reverse transcriptase (rRT)-PCR, NS-1 antigen and IgM antibody to confirm in acute blood specimens from 162 patients presenting with undifferentiated febrile illness compatible infection. rRT-PCR was most sensitive test (89%) potentially could be used as a single for confirmation were not sufficiently confirmatory sensitivities 54% 17% respectively. The specificities...
Toxoplasma gondii primary infection in pregnancy is associated with poor obstetric outcomes. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of pregnant migrant and refugee women from Myanmar attending antenatal care Thailand. A random selection 199 residual blood samples first screen 2014-2015 was tested for IgG IgM antibodies. Seroprevalence 31.7% (95% confidence interval = 25.6-38.4). Avidity testing three positive cases indicated all were past infections. Multiparity (≥ 3 children)...
Although scrub typhus and murine are well-described tropical rickettsial illnesses, especially in Southeast Asia, only limited evidence is available for rickettsia-like pathogens contributing to the burden of undifferentiated febrile illness. Using commercially kits, this study measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody seroprevalence Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Bartonella henselae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) 375 patients enrolled illness...
Recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks challenged existing laboratory diagnostic standards, especially for serology-based methods. Because of the genetic and structural similarity ZIKV with other flaviviruses, this results in cross-reactive antibodies, which confounds serological interpretations.Plasma from Singapore patients was screened longitudinally antibody responses neutralising capacities against ZIKV. Samples healthy controls, DENV were further assessed using peptides precursor membrane...
Abstract Background Burkholderia pseudomallei is the bacterial causative agent of melioidosis, a difficult disease to diagnose clinically with high mortality if not appropriately treated. Definitive diagnosis requires isolation and identification organism. With increased adoption MALDI-TOF MS for bacteria, we established method rapid B. using Vitek MS, system that does currently have in its in-vitro diagnostic database. Results A routine direct spotting was employed create spectra...
Streptococcus pneumoniae pilus islet-1 (PI–1)-encoded enhances in vitro adhesion to the respiratory epithelium and may contribute pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization transmission. The subunits are regarded as potential protein vaccine candidates. In this study, we sought determine PI–1 prevalence carried isolates explore its relationship with transmissibility or carriage duration. We studied 896 collected during a longitudinal study that included monthly swabbing of 234 infants their...
Abstract Background Blood cultures are one of the most important tests performed by microbiology laboratories. Many hospitals, particularly in low and middle-income countries, lack either services or staff to provide 24 h resulting delays blood culture incubation. There is insufficient guidance on how transport/store if before incubation unavoidable, ambient temperatures high. This study set out address this knowledge gap. Methods In three South East Asian four different systems (two manual...
Pneumonia is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity approximately 1.6 million deaths 150 episodes occur annually in children <5 years. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may be responsible for up to 25% cases 12% making it an important potential vaccine target, although data from South East Asia scarce.We followed birth cohort Burmese refugee children, born over one year period, two were diagnosed using WHO criteria. A chest radiograph, nasopharyngeal aspirate non-specific markers...
We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of two immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), Access Bio CareStart Scrub Typhus test (Somerset, NJ) (IgM), and SD BIOLINE Tsutsugamushi (Kyonggi-do, Republic Korea) (IgG, IgM, or IgA) compared with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) real-time PCR results as reference using 86 paired acute convalescent specimens from febrile patients. The sensitivity specificity were 23.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.8-38.6) 81.4% CI: 66.6-91.6), respectively, for...
Abstract Background Blood cultures remain the gold standard investigation for diagnosis of bloodstream infections. In many locations, quality-assured processing positive blood is not possible. One solution to incubate locally, and then transport bottles that flag a central reference laboratory organism identification antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, impact delay between bottle flagging subsequent sub-culture on viability isolate has received little attention. Methods This study...
Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health threat and the main route of transmission is from mother to child (MTCT). Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment can reduce MTCT HBV although optimal timing attain undetectable DNA concentrations at delivery unknown. This protocol describes procedures following early initiation maternal TDF prior 20 weeks gestation determine efficacy, safety feasibility this approach in limited-resource setting. Methods analyses One hundred...
Brachybacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that rarely causes infections in humans. Here we report the case an 8-month-old infant who presented with acute febrile illness. During diagnostic process, blood culture was positive cocci were identified as nesterenkovii by MALDI-TOF. As result unclear clinical significance this isolate and continuous state, second taken returned B. once more. To our knowledge first time has been isolated from human cultures during course systemic infection.
Invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis is a significant health concern globally, but our knowledge of the prevailing serogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and genetics N. in Southeast Asia limited. Chloramphenicol resistance has rarely been reported, was first described isolates from Vietnam 1998. We aimed to characterise eight chloramphenicol resistant meningococcal collected between 2007 2018 diagnostic microbiology laboratories Cambodia, Thailand Lao People's...
AmpC β-lactamases are neglected compared with ESBL as a cause of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance in Enterobacterales low- and middle-income countries the burden is unknown. The aim this study was to investigate presence β-lactamase-producing
Key Clinical Message To save the life of both mother and fetus, risks benefits few antibiotics considered effective in treatment severe scrub typhus require consideration. In this case, chloramphenicol averted maternal but not fetal mortality. Evidence‐based guidelines appropriate for resource‐limited endemic areas are required.