A5075120692- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Complement system in diseases
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Birth, Development, and Health
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
2023-2025
The University of Melbourne
2015-2025
Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit
2017-2024
University of Oxford
2020-2022
Infectious Diseases Data Observatory
2020-2022
Burnet Institute
2015-2021
BT Research
2002
Abstract Background Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) uses positive pressure to assist people with respiratory muscle weakness or severe compromise breathe. Most use this treatment during sleep when breathing is most susceptible instability. The benefits of using NIV in motor neurone disease (MND) are well-established. However, uptake and usage low (~ 19%) there no consensus on how best implement MND Australia. Consequently, clinical practice models highly variable. Our team has recently...
Community health workers (CHWs) can provide diagnosis and treatment of malaria in remote rural areas are therefore key to the elimination malaria. However, as incidence declines, uptake their services could be compromised if they only treat We conducted a retrospective analysis 571,286 rapid diagnostic tests between 2011 2016 by 1335 CHWs supported Medical Action Myanmar. assessed rates decline Plasmodium falciparum vivax test (RDT) positivity using negative binomial mixed effects models....
Therapeutic efficacy in COVID-19 is dependent upon disease severity (treatment effect heterogeneity). Unfortunately, definitions of vary widely. This compromises the meta-analysis randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and therapeutic guidelines derived from them. The World Health Organisation 'living' for treatment are based on a network (NMA) published RCTs. We reviewed 81 studies included WHO living NMA compared their classifications with employed by international COVID-NMA initiative. two...
Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum threatens global malaria elimination efforts. To contain and then eliminate artemisinin Eastern Myanmar a network of community-based posts was instituted targeted mass drug administration (MDA) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (three rounds at monthly intervals) conducted. The prevalence during the campaign (2013-2019) characterized.
Abstract Over 46% of African pregnant women are anemic. Oral iron is recommended but often suboptimal, particularly late in pregnancy. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) could treat anemia the third trimester sub-Saharan Africa. In an open-label, individually randomized trial antenatal clinics southern Malawi, we 590 at 27–35 weeks gestation with capillary hemoglobin <10.0 g dl −1 to FCM (20 mg kg up 1,000 mg, once enrollment) or standard care (60 elemental iron, twice daily for 90...
Background Antenatal anaemia is a significant global health problem, affecting 48% of pregnant women in South Asia. The standard care Bangladesh oral iron and folic acid supplementation. However, access adherence to supplementation are subpar. An alternative treatment available address antenatal intravenous (IV) iron. Modern IV products routinely used high-income clinical settings, including primary secondary care, deliver high dose single short infusion. A demonstration project will be...
Platform trials have become widely adopted across multiple disease areas over recent years, however, guidelines for operationalising these not kept pace. We outline a series of documents that summarise the statistical components, and implicit processes, Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive (SNAP) trial to provide an informal template other researchers reviewers platform trials. briefly content role core protocol, appendix, domain-specific appendices, simulation report, implementation...
We are undertaking a multicentre randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of including sleep study (polysomnography (PSG)) assist commencement non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in people with motor neurone disease (MND): Polysomnographic titration (PSG4NIVinMND; 3-three letter acronym; 3TLA) trial. A process evaluation will be conducted alongside clinical understand: (1) implementation 3TLA intervention sites, barriers and enablers, (2) mechanisms through which produces...
The antenatal role of the hepcidin-regulating protease Tmprss6 has never been elucidated as knockout dams are infertile. Utilising an in vivo knockdown approach, we confirm Tmprsss6 is critical for hepcidin suppression pregnancy, and inhibition drives deleterious fetal outcomes.
Introduction During pregnancy, immunoglobulin G (IgG) is transferred from the mother to fetus, providing protection disease in early infancy. Plasmodium falciparum infections may reduce maternofetal antibody transfer efficiency, but mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Mother-cord paired serum samples collected at delivery Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Thailand-Myanmar Border Area (TMBA) were tested for IgG1 IgG3 four P. antigens measles antigen, as well total IgG. Multivariable linear regression...
Background Myanmar has a large majority of all malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion. In past decade, substantial progress was made control. The residual burden is remote areas where currently recommended elimination approaches are generally not feasible. such hard-to-reach communities Mon state, East Myanmar, Medical Action introduced community health workers (CHWs) to deliver early diagnosis and treatment for malaria. We conducted retrospective analysis assess impact this intervention....
Reductions in malaria transmission decrease naturally acquired immunity, which may influence the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin-resistant phenotypes and genotypes over time.Antibodies specific for P. antigens were determined uncomplicated hyperparasitemic patients a 10-year period declining emerging artemisinin resistance northwestern Thailand. We investigated association between antibody levels both parasite clearance time (PCt½) resistance-associated kelch13 time.Immunity...
Abstract Background The pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) involves accumulation P. falciparum -infected red blood cells (pRBCs) the placenta, contributing to poor outcomes. Parasite is primarily mediated by erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). Magnitude IgG pRBCs has been associated with reduced risk MiP some studies, but associations have inconsistent. Further, antibody effector mechanisms are poorly understood, and role complement interactions unknown. Methods Studying a...
Abstract During pregnancy a variety of immunological changes occur to accommodate the fetus. It is unknown whether these continue affect humoral immunity postpartum or how quickly they resolve. IgG levels were measured P. falciparum and vivax antigens in 201 controls over 12 weeks. Linear mixed-effects models assessed antibody maintenance time effect microscopically confirmed Plasmodium spp. infection on levels, this was different women compared with control women. Postpartum had reduced at...
<ns3:p>Background Anaemia in pregnancy remains a critical global health problem and has long-term adverse outcomes for both the mother child. In developing countries like Bangladesh, there been limited progress reducing burden of anaemia pregnancy. This community-based survey will provide insight into prevalence determinants during second third trimesters Methods cross-sectional be conducted three Upazilas (sub-districts) rural Bangladesh. A total 1,500 pregnant women recruited trimester,...
Abstract Serum iron has long been thought to exhibit diurnal variation and is subsequently considered an unreliable biomarker of systemic status. Circadian regulation (endogenous ~24‐h periodic oscillation a biologic function) governs many critical physiologic processes. It unknown whether serum levels are regulated by circadian machinery; likewise, the nature key players homeostasis unstudied. Here we show that iron, transferrin saturation (TSAT), hepatic receptor (TFR1) gene ( Tfrc )...
Abstract Background Anaemia is a significant public health concern in Bangladesh, yet data on the prevalence of anaemia pregnancy and contribution iron deficiency are limited. Given reliance groundwater for drinking, better understanding role drinking water aetiology also required to inform prevention strategies. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 1500 pregnant women from Narayanganj district, during their second or third trimester. status were described relationship with assessed...
BackgroundLittle research has been published on the prevalence of rickettsial infections in Myanmar. This study determined seroprevalence immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to species different regions Myanmar.MethodsSeven hundred leftover blood samples from patients all ages primary care clinics and hospitals seven Myanmar were collected. Samples screened for scrub typhus group (STG), (TG) spotted fever (SFG) IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Immunofluorescence performed...
A priority-setting process (PSP) was launched to define priorities for patient-centered antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and research in low- middle-income countries (LMICs). list of uncertainties related AMR human health generated using an online survey stakeholders LMICs, which asked unanswered questions about diagnosis, treatment, or prevention antibiotic resistance.A total 445 respondents 1076 that were mapped a final shortlist 107 questions. The most common theme the...
Abstract Therapeutic efficacy in COVID-19 is dependent upon disease stage and severity (treatment effect heterogeneity). Unfortunately, definitions of vary widely. This compromises the meta-analysis randomised controlled trials (RCTs) therapeutic guidelines derived from them. The World Health Organisation ‘living’ for treatment are based on a network (NMA) published RCTs. We reviewed 81 studies included WHO living NMA compared their classifications with employed by international COVID-NMA...
Introduction Pregnant women have an increased risk of P. falciparum infection, which is associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. VAR2CSA, a variant surface antigen expressed on the parasitized erythrocyte surface, enables sequestration in placenta. Few studies prospectively examined relationships between antibody responses during pregnancy subsequent adverse outcomes, there are limited data outside Africa. Methods Levels IgG against VAR2CSA domains (DBL3; DBL5)...