A5023482703- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Immune cells in cancer
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Neutropenia and Cancer Infections
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Housing Market and Economics
- Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Urban Planning and Valuation
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Energy Load and Power Forecasting
- Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Radiology practices and education
- Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Dartmouth College
2015-2025
University of California, Irvine
2024
Dartmouth Hospital
2024
University of California, Irvine Medical Center
2024
Kaiser Permanente
2024
Yale University
2013-2021
Zoo Atlanta
2021
Institute of Neurobiology
2018
University of Connecticut
2011-2014
University of Rhode Island
2004-2012
NG2-expressing glia (NG2 cells, polydendrocytes) appear in the embryonic brain, expand perinatally, and persist widely throughout gray white matter of mature central nervous system. We have previously reported that NG2 cells generate oligodendrocytes both a subset protoplasmic astrocytes ventral forebrain spinal cord. To investigate temporal changes cell fate, we generated NG2creER™BAC transgenic mice, which tamoxifen-inducible Cre is expressed cells. induction at day 16.5, postnatal (P) 2,...
Cell death is prevalent throughout life; however, the coordinated interactions and roles of phagocytes during corpse removal in live brain are poorly understood. We developed photochemical viral methodologies to induce single cells combined this with intravital optical imaging. This approach allowed us track multicellular phagocytic precise spatiotemporal resolution. Astrocytes microglia engaged dying neurons an orchestrated synchronized fashion. Each glial cell played specialized roles:...
NG2 cells represent a unique glial cell population that is distributed widely throughout the developing and adult CNS distinct from astrocytes, mature oligodendrocytes microglia. The ability of to differentiate into myelinating has been documented in vivo vitro. We reported recently forebrain but subpopulation protoplasmic astrocytes (Zhu et al ., 2008). However, fate spinal cord cerebellum remained unknown. To investigate caudal central nervous system (CNS) regions vivo, we examined...
Glial cells that express the NG2 proteoglycan and α receptor for PDGF (NG2 cells, polydendrocytes) make up fifth major cell population serves as oligodendrocyte progenitor in postnatal CNS. Although recent studies have suggested differences their proliferation differentiation gray white matter, mechanism underlying observed has been unclear. Using organotypic slice cultures from forebrain cerebellum of early NG2creBAC:ZEG mice, we compared basal growth factor-induced matter. matter exhibited...
Myelinating oligodendrocytes die in human disease and early aging. Despite this, the mechanisms that underly oligodendrocyte death are not resolved it is also clear whether these change as lineage cells undergoing differentiation maturation. Here, we used a combination of intravital imaging, single-cell ablation, cuprizone-mediated demyelination, both female male mice, to discover maturation dictates dynamics cell death. After phototoxic damage, precursor underwent programmed within hours,...
Background The burgeoning interest in ChatGPT as a potentially useful tool medicine highlights the necessity for systematic evaluation of its capabilities and limitations. Purpose To evaluate accuracy, reliability, repeatability differential diagnoses produced by from transcribed radiologic findings. Materials Methods Cases selected radiology textbook series spanning variety imaging modalities, subspecialties, anatomic pathologies were converted into standardized prompts that entered...
A major bottleneck limiting understanding of mechanisms and consequences cell death in complex organisms is the inability to induce visualize this process with spatial temporal precision living animals. Here we report a technique termed two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal) that uses focal illumination femtosecond-pulsed laser bleach nucleic acid-binding dye causing dose-dependent apoptosis individual cells without collateral damage. Using 2Phatal, achieve precise...
Robert A. Hill1, Akiko Nishiyama2 and Ethan G. Hughes3 1Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA 2Department Physiology Neurobiology, University Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, 3Department Cell Developmental Biology, Colorado School Medicine, Aurora, 80045, Correspondence: robert.hill{at}dartmouth.edu
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes of the brain. This process persists throughout life and is essential for recovery from neurodegeneration. To better understand cellular checkpoints that occur during oligodendrogenesis, we determined mitochondrial distribution morphometrics across oligodendrocyte lineage in mouse human cerebral cortex. During generation, content expands concurrently with a change subcellular partitioning towards distal...
NG2 cells are a resident glial progenitor cell population that is uniformly distributed throughout the developing and mature mammalian CNS. Those in postnatal CNS generate exclusively myelinating non-myelinating oligodendrocytes thus equated with oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Prenatally, ventral gray matter of forebrain protoplasmic astrocytes as well oligodendrocytes. The fate conversion from into dependent on downregulation key transcription factor Olig2. We showed previously...
Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life and in neurodegenerative conditions from brain resident oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The transition OPC to involves a complex cascade of molecular morphological states that position the cell make fate decision integrate as myelinating or die through apoptosis. Oligodendrocyte maturation impacts death mechanisms occur degenerative conditions, but it is unclear if how machinery changes OPCs into oligodendrocytes. Here, we discovered...
Patients are increasingly being given direct access to their medical records. However, radiology reports written for clinicians and typically contain jargon, which can be confusing. One solution is radiologists provide a "colloquial" version that accessible the layperson. Because manually generating these colloquial translations would represent significant burden radiologists, way automatically produce accurate, patient-facing desired. We propose novel method of by providing specialized...