Sevoflurane may be associated with a high incidence of emergence agitation in preschool children. We tested the hypothesis that maintenance anesthesia propofol after sevoflurane induction would reduce this excitatory behavior compared continuing for maintenance. conducted randomized, single-blinded, two-period, cross-over study 16 age children undergoing repeated brief general anesthetics eye examination. After induction, patients were randomly assigned to receive either or The alternative...

Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of muscle status significantly impact clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Comprehensive monitoring baseline its changes is crucial for risk stratification management optimization. However, repeatable accessible indicators are lacking. We hypothesized that creatinine production rate (CPR) could serve as an integrative indicator skeletal status. conducted a series animal studies. First, experiments were performed to determine whether CPR...

Noxious stimulation-induced sensitization of the central nervous system has been proposed as a key element in development subsequent protracted pain. Accordingly, authors used formalin model pain to test hypothesis that general anesthesia can produce preemptive analgesia and thereby interfere with noxious sensitization.Rats received 0.9% or 1.8% halothane, 30% 75% nitrous oxide (N2O), N2O plus halothane (n = 4 5 per group). Control rats 5) only 100% oxygen. Fifteen minutes after induction...

Summary Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section induces hypotension, which may cause severe adverse effects. Our goal was to determine whether hypotension could be predicted by pulse oximetry parameters, such as the perfusion index and pleth variability index, heart rate, ratio of low‐frequency high‐frequency components rate variability, entropy measured before induction anaesthesia. The predictive value these parameters detecting assessed using logistic regression grey zone approach in 81...

Stressful events during early childhood can have a profound lifelong influence on emotional and cognitive behaviors. However, the mechanisms by which stress affects neonatal brain circuit formation are poorly understood. Here, we show that social isolation disrupts molecular, cellular, developmental processes, leading to behavioral dysfunction. Neonatal prevented long-term potentiation experience-dependent synaptic trafficking of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)...

Background Although more than 30 yr ago the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of xenon was determined to be 71%, that previous study had technological limitations, and no other studies have confirmed MAC value since. The current designed confirm in adult surgical patients using modern techniques. Methods Sixty were anesthetized with sevoflurane or without xenon. They randomly allocated one four groups; group 1 received xenon, whereas those groups 2, 3, 4 end-tidal concentrations 20, 40,...

Background The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)-awake is a traditional index of hypnotic potency an inhalational anesthetic. MAC-awake xenon, inert gas with anesthetic properties (MAC = 71%), has not been determined. It also unknown how xenon interacts isoflurane or sevoflurane on the MAC-awake. Methods In first part study, 90 female patients received nitrous oxide (N2O), isoflurane, supplemented epidural anesthesia (n 36 for and n 18 per group other anesthetics). second part, 72...

Cellular bioenergetic failure caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is a key process of alveolar epithelial injury during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) act as cellular oxygen sensors, and their inhibition activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), resulting in enhanced glycolytic activity, which could compensate for impaired function protect cells from ARDS. Here, we evaluated the effects pharmacological PHD with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) on cell...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with COVID-19 is aggravated by hyperinflammatory responses even after the peak of viral load has passed; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In present study, analysis alveolar tissue injury markers and epithelial cell death in patients revealed that COVID-19-induced ARDS was characterized necrosis at an early disease stage. Serum levels HMGB-1, one DAMPs released from necrotic cells, were also significantly elevated these patients....

Background: Xenon is an odorless gas with low blood‐gas solubility coefficient and without occupational environmental hazards. This investigation was performed to evaluate the speed of induction, respiratory cardiovascular reactions inhalation induction xenon compared equianesthetic concentration sevoflurane. Results: Compared sevoflurane, produced a faster anesthesia (14759 versus 71221 s, respectively) smaller decreases in rate, tidal volume minute ventilation. Both agents showed...

The Airway Scope (AWS) is a new video laryngoscope. purpose of this study was to compare the AWS and Macintosh laryngoscopes with regard their usefulness for beginners in tracheal intubation.Thirty-one nurses no previous experience intubation used each device 10 times intubate trachea manikin (Laerdal Managemant Trainer, Laerdal, Stavanger, Norway). Intubation correctly completed within 30 s regarded as successful. time, success rate, number esophageal intubations dental clicks, subjective...

Surgery with general anesthesia disturbs circadian rhythms, which may lead to postoperative sleep disorders and delirium in patients. However, it is unclear how rhythms are affected by different anesthetics administered at times during the rest-activity cycle. We hypothesized that pentobarbital (an agonist γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors) ketamine antagonist N-methyl-d-aspartate would have differential effects on these also be influenced time of their administration (the active versus...

Background The descending antinociceptive system (DAS) is thought to play crucial roles in the effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), especially through its serotonergic pathway. nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) rostral ventromedial medulla a major source serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] DAS, but role dorsal (DRN) ventral periaqueductal gray matter still unclear. Moreover, influence noradrenergic pathway largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated involvement these and pathways...

Abstract Background: General anesthesia induces long-lasting cognitive and learning deficits. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The GluA1 subunit of AMPAR is a key molecule for synaptic plasticity, which requires trafficking GluA1-containing AMPARs into synapse. Methods: Adult male rats were exposed to 1.8% isoflurane 2 h subjected an inhibitory avoidance task, hippocampus-dependent contextual fear paradigm (n = 16 39). in vitro extracellular field potential hippocampal...

Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving mechanical ventilation show inhomogeneous lung aeration. Atelectasis during uneven leads to alveolar hypoxia and could therefore result in inflammation injury. We aimed elucidate whether how atelectasis causes hypoxia-induced an open-chest differential-ventilation rat model.We first investigated inflammatory histological changes the bilateral lungs of unilaterally ventilated rats, which right was atelectatic left high tidal volume...

Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication in children after general anesthesia. The goal of this 2-phase study was (1) to develop predictive model (EA risk scale) for the incidence EA receiving sevoflurane anesthesia by performing retrospective analysis data from our previous (phase 1) and (2) determine validity scale prospective observational cohort 2).Using collected 120 patients study, logistic regression used predict phase 1. optimal combination predictors determined stepwise...