A5052265379- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Advanced Memory and Neural Computing
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Neurosurgical Procedures and Complications
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
- Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques
- Surgical Simulation and Training
- Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Spaceflight effects on biology
Oregon Health & Science University
2007-2024
Neurological Surgery
2007-2024
University of California, San Diego
2016-2024
Institute for the Future
2024
BioSurfaces (United States)
2021-2022
La Jolla Alcohol Research
2020
American Association of Neurological Surgeons
2017
Yale University
2015
California Institute of Technology
2006-2007
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2006
Electrophysiological devices are critical for mapping eloquent and diseased brain regions therapeutic neuromodulation in clinical settings extensively used research brain-machine interfaces. However, the existing experimental often limited either spatial resolution or cortical coverage. Here, we developed scalable manufacturing processes with a dense electrical connection scheme to achieve reconfigurable thin-film, multithousand-channel neurophysiological recording grids using platinum...
Abstract Over the past decade, stereotactically placed electrodes have become gold standard for deep brain recording and stimulation a wide variety of neurological psychiatric diseases. Current electrodes, however, are limited in their spatial resolution ability to record from small populations neurons, let alone individual neurons. Here, we report on an innovative, customizable, monolithically integrated human-grade flexible depth electrode capable up 128 channels able at 10 cm tissue. This...
Abstract Recording neural activity during neurosurgical interventions is an invaluable tool for both improving patient outcomes and advancing our understanding of mechanisms organization. However, increasing clinical electrodes' signal‐to‐noise spatial specificity requires overcoming substantial physical barriers due to the compromised metal electrochemical interface properties. The properties poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based interfaces surpass those...
The enhanced electrochemical activity of nanostructured materials is readily exploited in energy devices, but their utility scalable and human-compatible implantable neural interfaces can significantly advance the performance clinical research electrodes. We utilize low-temperature selective dealloying to develop biocompatible one-dimensional platinum nanorod (PtNR) arrays that exhibit superb properties at various length scales, stability, biocompatibility for high neurotechnologies. PtNR...
Abstract The Utah array powers cutting‐edge projects for restoration of neurological function, such as BrainGate, but the underlying electrode technology has itself advanced little in last three decades. Here, dual‐side lithographic microfabrication processes is exploited to demonstrate a 1024‐channel penetrating silicon microneedle (SiMNA) that scalable its recording capabilities and cortical coverage suitable clinical translation. SiMNA first with flexible backing affords compliancy brain...
Two broad hypotheses have been advanced to explain the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treatment Parkinson's disease. One is that inactivates STN neurons, producing a functional lesion. The other electrical activates output, thus "jamming" pathological activity basal ganglia-corticothalamic circuits. Evidence consistent with both concepts has adduced from modeling and animal studies, as well recordings patients. However, parameters used many...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) relieves motor symptoms Parkinson's disease, yet mechanism action remains uncertain. To address question how therapeutic changes neuronal firing human brain, we studied effects GPi on local neurons unanesthetized patients. Eleven patients with idiopathic disease consented to participate recordings during stimulator implantation surgery. A recording microelectrode and a DBS macroelectrode were advanced through...
Despite ongoing advances in our understanding of local single-cellular and network-level activity neuronal populations the human brain, extraordinarily little is known about their "intermediate" microscale circuit dynamics. Here, we utilized ultra-high-density microelectrode arrays a rare opportunity to perform intracranial recordings across multiple cortical areas participants discover three distinct classes that are not locked natural brain rhythmic activity. The first included fast...
Highlights•NSI-566 transplanted in the spinal injury site of patients can be performed safely•NSI-566 transplantation was shown to decrease post-operative pain•NSI-566 improve motor and sensory function•NSI-566 resulted electrophysiological defined improvementSummaryWe report long-term results for a phase 1 study neural stem cell chronic cord injury. The trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01772810. primary outcome test feasibility safety human cord-derived (NSI-566) treatment four...
Opioids activate the descending antinociceptive pathway from ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) by both pre- and postsynaptic inhibition of tonically active GABAergic neurons (i.e., disinhibition). Previous research has shown that short-term desensitization μ-opioid receptors (MOPrs) in vlPAG is increased with development opioid tolerance. Given MOPrs are coupled to different signaling mechanisms, present study tested hypothesis presynaptic also contributes Twice-daily injections...
Despite similar behavioral hypersensitivity, acute and chronic pain have distinct neural bases. We used intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant to directly compare activity pain-modulating neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) vs inflammation. Heat-evoked von Frey-evoked withdrawal reflexes corresponding RVM neuronal were recorded lightly anesthetized animals either during first hour after (acute) or 3 10 days later (chronic). Thermal modest mechanical hyperalgesia...
Respiratory depression is a therapy-limiting side effect of opioid analgesics, yet our understanding the brain circuits mediating this potentially lethal outcome remains incomplete. Here we studied contribution rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), region long implicated in pain modulation and homeostatic regulation, to opioid-induced respiratory depression. Microinjection μ-opioid agonist DAMGO RVM lightly anesthetized rats produced both analgesia depression, showing that neurons can modulate...
Electrocorticography (ECoG) is becoming more prevalent due to improvements in fabrication and recording technology as well its ease of implantation compared intracortical electrophysiology, larger cortical coverage, potential advantages for use long term chronic implantation. Given the flexibility design ECoG grids, which only increasing, it remains an open question what geometry electrodes optimal application. Conductive polymer, PEDOT:PSS, coated microelectrodes have advantage that they...
OBJECTIVE Implanted neuromodulatory devices are important for the surgical management of pain, epilepsy, movement disorders, and spasticity. These surgically implanted, but many must be periodically explanted replaced as batteries deplete or fail. Replacement surgery risks further infections that require device explantation, incur large financial costs, reduce patient quality life. To infection rates, a single surgeon began using vancomycin-impregnated absorbable calcium sulfate...
Functional mapping during brain surgery is applied to define areas that control critical functions and cannot be removed. Currently, these procedures rely on verbal interactions between the neurosurgeon electrophysiologist, which can time-consuming. In addition, electrode grids are used measure activity identify boundaries of pathological versus functional regions have low resolution limited conformity surface. Here, we present development an intracranial electroencephalogram...
OBJECTIVE Surgical simulation has the potential to supplement and enhance traditional resident training. However, high cost of equipment limited number available scenarios have inhibited wider integration in neurosurgical education. In this study authors provide initial validation a novel, low-cost platform that recreates stress surgery using combination hands-on, model-based, computer elements. Trainee skill was quantified multiple time performance measures. The initially validated trainees...