Impairment of microglial functions, such as phagocytosis and/or dysregulation immune responses, has been implicated an underlying factor involved in the pathogenesis various neurodegenerative disorders. Our previous studies have demonstrated that long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA)-Cox2 expression is influenced by nuclear κB (NF-κB) signaling and serves a coactivator transcriptional factors to regulate vast array immune-related genes microglia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recognized...

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to lay the methodological groundwork for field studies microRNA analysis in exosomes from small sample volumes human milk, and assess exosome content infant formulas. When milk was stored at 4°C 4 weeks, count exosome‐sized vesicles decreased progressively 49% ± 13% that fresh milk. Exosomes purified 1 mL their assessed by microRNA‐sequencing compared with We identified 221 microRNAs 3 samples milk; 84 present all samples. MicroRNAs not detectable...

We investigated the differential expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in plasma samples from three coronary artery disease (CAD) patients to identify putative therapeutic targets. identified 24 differentially expressed circRNAs (18 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated) 7 mRNAs (6 1 CAD based on competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) microarray analysis. MiR-221(p = 0.001), miR-155(p 0.049), miR-130a (p 0.001) were downregulated qRT-PCR analysis another independent population 932 study subjects (648...

Abstract MicroRNA is responsible for the fine-tuning of fundamental cellular activities and human disease development. The altered availability microRNAs, target mRNAs, other types endogenous RNAs competing microRNA interactions reflects dynamic conditional property microRNA-mediated gene regulation that remains under-investigated. Here we propose a new integrative method to study this process by considering both cooperative mechanisms identifying functional modules where different microRNAs...

MicroRNAs have been long considered synthesized endogenously until very recent discoveries showing that human can absorb dietary microRNAs from animal and plant origins while the mechanism remains unknown. Compelling evidences of rice, milk, honeysuckle transported to blood tissues created a high volume interests in fundamental questions which how exogenous be transferred into circulation possibly exert functions humans. Here we present an integrated genomics computational analysis study...

Exosomes facilitate cell-to-cell communication by transferring regulatory molecules such as miRNA from donor to recipient cells, for example, miR-21-5p and miR-30d promote placentation. their cargos are not exclusively obtained endogenous synthesis but may also be absorbed dietary sources, milk. This study assessed the effects of milk exosomes on embryo development fertility in C57BL/6 mice. Fluorophore-labeled exosomes, accumulated murine placenta embryos following oral gavage. Seventeen...

Exosomes transfer regulatory microRNAs (miRs) from donor cells to recipient cells. and miRs originate both endogenous synthesis dietary sources such as milk. miR-200a-3p is a negative regulator of the proinflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9). Male

With the advent of high throughput technology, a huge amount microRNA information has been added to growing body knowledge for non-coding RNAs. Here we present Dietary MicroRNA Databases (DMD), first repository archiving and analyzing published novel microRNAs discovered in dietary resources. Currently there are fifteen types species, such as apple, grape, cow milk, fat, included database originating from 9 plant 5 animal species. Annotation each entry, mature indexed DM0000*, covers...

Aim: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their RNA cargo are not exclusively derived from endogenous synthesis but can also be absorbed milk gut bacteria. Given the high rate of bacterial fermentation in gastrointestinal tract ruminants, we hypothesized that preparations bovine sEVs (BMEs) contain mRNAs whose bioavailability humans remains unknown. Methods: BMEs were purified chilled antibiotics-treated raw (RM) store-bought skim (SBM) using sequential ultracentrifugation. RM treated...

Sequencing-based large screening of RNA-protein and RNA-RNA interactions has enabled the mechanistic study post-transcriptional RNA processing sorting, including exosome-mediated secretion. The downstream analysis binding sites encouraged investigation novel sequence motifs, which resulted in exceptional new challenges for identifying motifs from very short sequences (e.g., small non-coding RNAs or truncated messenger RNAs), where conventional methods tend to be ineffective. To address these...

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their RNA cargo in milk are bioavailable humans, pigs, mice, dietary depletion supplementation elicits phenotypes. Little is known about the content biological activity of sEVs foods animal origin other than milk. Here we tested hypothesis that chicken eggs ( Gallus gallus ) facilitate transfer from an avian species to humans were purified raw egg yolk by ultracentrifugation authenticated transmission electron microscopy, nano-tracking device,...

Previous research in our lab demonstrated the bioavailability of milk-borne microRNAs following milk consumption by healthy adults. An important question left unanswered from previous work was if this phenomenon is unique to or other foods could also be a source exogenous microRNA. To explore possibility, we tested hypothesis that chicken egg are bioavailable hard boiled eggs adult humans. Plasma levels miR-181a and miR-181b increased 9 hours after 146% 304% above baseline levels,...

MicroRNA regulation is fundamentally responsible for fine-tuning the whole gene network in human and has been implicated most physiological pathological conditions. Studying regulatory impact of microRNA on various cellular disease processes resulted numerous computational tools that investigate microRNA-mRNA interactions through prediction static binding site highly dependent sequence pairing. However, what hindered practical use such target interplay between competing cooperative...

Abstract Background Obesity contributes to high cancer risk in humans and the mechanistic links between these two pathologies are not yet understood. Recent emerging evidence has associated obesity with metabolic abnormalities inflammation where microRNA regulation a strong implication. Methods In this study, we have developed an integrated framework unravel obesity-cancer linkage from perspective. Different traditional means of identifying static targets based on sequence structure...

MicroRNAs, a class of short non-coding RNAs, are able to regulate more than half human genes and affect many fundamental biological processes. It has been long considered synthesized endogenously until very recent discoveries showing that can absorb exogenous microRNAs from dietary resources. This finding raised challenge scientific question: which be integrated into circulation possibly exert functions in human? Here we present well-designed ensemble manifold ranking model for identifying...

We present a theory of pluralistic and stochastic gene regulation. To bridge the gap between empirical studies mathematical models, we integrate pre-existing observations with our meta-analyses ENCODE ChIP-Seq experiments. Earlier evidence includes fluctuations in levels, location, activity, binding transcription factors, variable DNA motifs, bursts expression. Stochastic regulation is also indicated by frequently subdued effects knockout mutants regulators, their evolutionary losses/gains...

ABSTRACT Exosomes and exosome-like vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication animals, plant bacteria. Dietary exosomes bovine milk are bioavailable non-bovine species, but a fraction of reaches the large intestine. We hypothesized that alter composition gut microbiome mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed AIN-93G diets, defined by their content RNA cargos: exosome/RNA depleted (ERD) versus exosome/RNA-sufficient (ERS) diets. Feeding was initiated at age three weeks cecum collected ages 7, 15...

MicroRNAs regulate virtually the whole gene network in human body and have been implicated most physiological pathological conditions including cancers. Understanding precise mechanisms of microRNA-mRNA interaction is fundamentally important to elucidate roles miRNA regulating various cellular disease developmental stages. Numerous computational methods developed for target prediction, mostly focusing on static binding prediction highly dependent sequence-pairing interactions. However,...

Exosomes are natural nanoparticles that participate in cell-to-cell communication by transferring regulatory molecules such as microRNAs from donor cells to recipient cells. Previously, we have demonstrated exosomes and not exclusively obtained endogenous synthesis but may also be absorbed milk. We assessed whether 1) contain mRNAs (i.e., RNAs other than microRNAs), 2) bioavailable mice, 3) bovine translated into peptides. For mRNA analysis, were isolated milk using differential...