A5028897058- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Sports injuries and prevention
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Sports Performance and Training
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Policies and Family
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging
2011-2024
University College London
2011-2024
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
2013-2024
Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
2004-2023
Novartis (Switzerland)
2004-2023
King's College London
2017-2021
Georgia State University
2020
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2020
University of Sussex
2020
St George's, University of London
2013-2019
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, glutamatergic situated in the diencephalon. A critical component of normal motor function, it has become key target for deep brain stimulation treatment Parkinson's disease. Animal studies have demonstrated existence three functional sub-zones but these never been shown conclusively humans. In this work, data driven method with diffusion weighted imaging that distinct clusters exist within human STN based on connectivity profiles. was successfully...
In an effort to assess the contributions of a period increased training volume on swimming performance, two matched groups collegiate male swimmers were studied before and during 25 wk training. For first 4 this study, trained together in one session per day for approximately 1.5 h.d-1. During following 6 (weeks 5-11), group (LONG) sessions day, h morning afternoon. The other (SHORT) continued train once each afternoon with LONG group. Over final 14 both (1.5 h.d-1). Although experienced...
Cerebral small vessel disease is a common condition associated with lacunar stroke, cognitive impairment and significant functional morbidity. White matter hyperintensities brain atrophy, seen on magnetic resonance imaging, are correlated increasing severity. However, how the two related remains an open question. To better define relationship between white hyperintensity growth we applied semi-automated imaging segmentation analysis pipeline to 3-year longitudinal cohort of 99 subjects...
Detecting treatment efficacy using cognitive change in trials of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) has been challenging, making the use surrogate markers such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) attractive. We determined sensitivity MRI to SVD and used this information calculate sample size estimates for a clinical trial. Data from prospective SCANS (St George’s Cognition Neuroimaging Stroke) study patients with symptomatic lacunar stroke confluent leukoaraiosis was ( n = 121). Ninety-nine...
The thalamus consists of multiple nuclei that have been previously defined by their chemoarchitectual and cytoarchitectual properties ex vivo. These form discrete, functionally specialized, territories with topographically arranged graduated patterns connectivity. However, previous in vivo thalamic parcellation MRI has hindered substantial inter-individual variability or discrepancies between derived segmentations histological sections. Here, we use the Euclidean distance to characterize...
Background and Purpose— Cerebral small-vessel disease is a major cause of cognitive impairment. Perivascular spaces (PvS) occur in disease, but their relationship to impairment remains uncertain. One reason may be difficulty distinguishing between lacunes PvS. We determined the baseline PvS score volume with change cognition over 5-year follow-up. compared this lacune count total cognition. In addition, we examined time. Methods— Data from prospective SCANS study (St Georges Cognition...
<ns4:p>This technical report describes a dynamic causal model of the spread coronavirus through population. The is based upon ensemble or population dynamics that generate outcomes, like new cases and deaths over time. purpose this to quantify uncertainty attends predictions relevant outcomes. By assuming suitable conditional dependencies, one can effects interventions (e.g., social distancing) differences among populations herd immunity) predict what might happen in different circumstances....
Background Cachexia affects the majority of patients with advanced cancer and is associated a reduction in treatment tolerance, response to therapy, duration survival. One impediment towards effective cachexia validated classification system. Methods 41 resectable upper gastrointestinal (GI) or pancreatic underwent characterisation for based on weight-loss (WL) and/or low muscularity (LM). Four diagnostic criteria were used >5%WL, >10%WL, LM, LM+>2%WL. All biopsy rectus muscle. Analysis...
To determine whether MRI markers, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), can predict cognitive decline and dementia in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).In the prospective St George's Cognition Neuroimaging Stroke study, multimodal was performed annually for 3 years assessments 5 a cohort of 99 SVD, defined as symptomatic lacunar stroke confluent white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Progression to determined all patients. WMH, brain volume, lacunes, microbleeds, DTI...
Signaling through Gα i2 induces hypertrophy and can counterbalance pathways that promote muscle wasting.
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a heterogeneous group of pathological disorders that affect the vessels brain and are an important cause cognitive impairment. The ischaemic consequences this can be detected using MRI, include white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunar infarcts microhaemorrhages. relationship between SVD severity, as defined by WMH volume, in sporadic age-related cortical thickness has not been well defined. However, regional change would expected due to associated...
Lacunes are an important disease feature of cerebral small vessel (SVD) but their relationship to cognitive impairment is not fully understood. To investigate this we determined (1) the between lacune count and total volume with cognition, (2) spatial distribution lacunes impact location, (3) whole brain anatomical covariance associated these strategically located regions damage. One hundred twenty one patients symptomatic lacunar stroke radiological leukoaraiosis were recruited multimodal...
<ns4:p>We recently described a dynamic causal model of COVID-19 outbreak within single region. Here, we combine several these (epidemic) models to create (pandemic) viral spread among regions. Our focus is on second wave new cases that may result from loss immunity—and the exchange people between regions—and how mortality rates can be ameliorated under different strategic responses. In particular, consider hard or soft social distancing strategies predicated national (Federal) regional...
The human brainstem is a densely packed, complex but highly organised structure. It not only serves as conduit for long projecting axons conveying motor and sensory information, also the location of multiple primary nuclei that control or modulate vast array functions, including homeostasis, consciousness, locomotion, reflexive emotive behaviours. Despite its importance, both in understanding normal brain function well neurodegenerative processes, it remains sparsely studied structure...
Substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) subregions, defined by dopaminergic projections to the striatum, are differentially affected health (e.g. normal aging) and disease Parkinson's disease). This may have an impact on reward processing which relies regions circuits. We acquired diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with probabilistic tractography in 30 healthy older adults determine whether subregions of SN/VTA could be delineated based anatomical connectivity striatum. found that a...
Aging is ubiquitous to the human condition. The MRI correlates of healthy aging have been extensively investigated using a range modalities, including volumetric MRI, quantitative (qMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging. Despite this, reported brainstem related changes remain sparse. This is, in part, due technical methodological limitations quantitatively assessing statistically analyzing this region. By utilizing new method segmentation, large cohort 100 adults were assessed study for effects...
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the major cause of vascular cognitive impairment, resulting in significant disability and reduced quality life. Cognitive tests have been shown to be insensitive change longitudinal studies and, therefore, sensitive surrogate markers are needed monitor progression assess treatment effects clinical trials. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) thought offer great potential this regard. Sensitivity various parameters that can derived from DTI however unknown. We...
<h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether longitudinal change in white matter structural network integrity predicts dementia and future cognitive decline cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). investigate disruption has a causal role mediates the association between conventional MRI markers of SVD with both dementia. <h3>Methods</h3> In prospective SCANS (St George9s Cognition Neuroimaging Stroke) Study, 97 dementia-free individuals symptomatic lacunar stroke were followed annual for 3 years...
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle innervation by motor neurons leads to impaired neuromuscular function and is a well-established clinical phenomenon. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Studying mice, we find that number units (MUs) can be maintained counteracting neurotoxic microglia in aged spinal cord. We observe marked changes, detected unit estimation (MUNE), occur prior mice. This coincides with gene expression changes indicative neuronal remodeling microglial...
<ns4:p>We recently described a dynamic causal model of COVID-19 outbreak within single region. Here, we combine several instantiations this (epidemic) to create (pandemic) viral spread among regions. Our focus is on second wave new cases that may result from loss immunity—and the exchange people between regions—and how mortality rates can be ameliorated under different strategic responses. In particular, consider hard or soft social distancing strategies predicated national (Federal)...
The sight and sound of a person speaking or ball bouncing may seem simultaneous, but their corresponding neural signals are spread out over time as they arrive at different multisensory brain sites. How subjective timing relates to such remains fundamental neuroscientific philosophical puzzle. A dominant assumption is that temporal coherence achieved by sensory resynchronisation recalibration across asynchronous events. This easily confirmed estimating audiovisual for groups subjects, which...
Abstract Background The majority of patients with advanced cancer develop cachexia, a weight loss syndrome that severely reduces quality life and limits survival. Our understanding the underlying mechanisms cause condition is limited, there are currently no treatment options can completely reverse cachexia. Several tumour‐derived factors inflammatory mediators have been suggested to contribute in cachectic patients. However, inconsistencies between studies recurrent. Activin A interleukin 6...