A5066315497- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Healthcare Quality and Management
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
University College London
2014-2025
MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL
2019-2025
Medical Research Council
2016-2025
University of Bath
2025
St George's, University of London
2018-2023
Institute of Infection and Immunity
2020-2023
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
2023
St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2012-2019
Connecticut College
2018
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2009-2016
Improving the quality of hospital antibiotic use is a major goal WHO's global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate simple stewardship interventions that are widely applicable globally. We aimed present data on patterns paediatric AWaRe be used for local national interventions.1-day point prevalence survey prescription were combined from two independent networks: Global Antimicrobial...
To review the effects of school closures on pandemic and seasonal influenza outbreaks.Systematic review.MEDLINE EMBASE, reference lists identified articles, hand searches key journals additional papers from authors' collections.Studies were included if they reported a or outbreak coinciding with planned unplanned closure.Of 2579 through MEDLINE 65 eligible for inclusion in along 14 other sources. Influenza incidence frequently declined after closure. The effect was sometimes reversed when...
BackgroundTackling tuberculosis requires testing and treatment of latent in high-risk groups. The aim this study was to estimate the predictive values tuberculin skin test (TST) two interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) for development active groups—ie, people recent contact with cases from high-burden countries.MethodIn prospective cohort study, we recruited participants 54 centres (eg, clinics, community settings) London, Birmingham, Leicester UK. Participants were eligible if they aged 16...
The aim of this study was to describe antibiotic prescribing patterns and antimicrobial resistance rates in hospitalised children with febrile afebrile urinary tract infections (UTIs). Antibiotic prescriptions antibiograms for neonates, infants older UTI admitted a general district hospital Central Greece were evaluated. Data covering 5-year period collected retrospectively from the Paediatric Department's Electronic Clinical Archive. Patients included based on clinical microbiological...
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School closure is often considered as an influenza control measure, but its effects on transmission are poorly understood. We used 2 approaches to estimate how school holidays affect the contact parameter (the per capita rate of sufficient for infection transmission) using primary care data from England and Wales (1967-2000). Firstly, we fitted age-structured susceptible-infectious-recovered model each year's proportional change in during compared with termtime. Secondly, calculated...
Abstract Background The highest risk of tuberculosis arises in the first few months after exposure. We reasoned that this reflects incipient disease among contacts. Blood transcriptional biomarkers may predate clinical diagnosis, suggesting they offer improved sensitivity to detect subclinical disease. Therefore, we sought test hypothesis refined blood active will improve stratification short-term Methods combined analysis previously published transcriptomic data with new from a prospective...
Introduction Understanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access appropriate antibiotics when needed and minimise overuse, which can lead resistance. We aimed describe changes in global between 2011 2015. Methods analysed wholesale data on total sales sold as child-appropriate formulations (CAFs), stratified by country income level (low/middle-income high-income countries (LMICs HICs)). The volume per year was recorded for 36 LMICs 39 HICs, measured standard units...
Antibiotic fixed dose combinations (FDCs) can have clinical advantages such as improving effectiveness and adherence to therapy. However, high use of potentially inappropriate FDCs has been reported, with implications for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) toxicity. We used a pharmaceutical database, IQVIA-Multinational Integrated Data Analysis System (IQVIA-MIDAS®), estimate sales antibiotic from 75 countries in 2015. consumption was estimated using standard units (SU), defined by IQVIA single...
The transmissibility of the strain influenza virus which caused 1968 pandemic is poorly understood. Increases in outbreak size between first and second waves suggest that it may even have increased successive waves. authors estimated basic effective reproduction numbers for both pandemic. Epidemic curves overall attack rates pandemic, based on clinical serologic data, were retrieved from published literature. 46 17 data sets waves, respectively, growth rate and/or final epidemic. Estimates...
Abstract To determine how school closure for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 affected students' contact patterns, we conducted a retrospective questionnaire survey at UK 2 weeks after the reopened. School was associated with 65% reduction in mean total number of contacts each student.
Abstract Background BCG appears to reduce acquisition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children, measured using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). We explored whether vaccination continues be associated with decreased prevalence M. adults. Methods conducted a cross-sectional analysis data from adult contacts cases participating UK cohort study. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) BCG, ascertained based on presence scar or history, against latent (LTBI), via IGRA, was assessed...
Rationale: Development of diagnostic tools with improved predictive value for tuberculosis (TB) is a global research priority.Objectives: We evaluated whether implementing higher thresholds than currently recommended QuantiFERON Gold-in-Tube (QFT-GIT), T-SPOT.TB, and the tuberculin skin test (TST) might improve prediction incident TB.Methods: Follow-up UK cohort 9,610 adult TB contacts recent migrants was extended by relinkage to national surveillance records (median follow-up 4.7 yr)....
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human pathogen which causes lifelong infection of > 90% people globally and linked to infectious mononucleosis (arising from in the later teenage years) several types cancer. Vaccines against EBV are development. In order determine most cost-effective public health strategy for vaccine deployment, setting-specific data on age at acquisition risk factors early required. Such also inform mathematical models transmission that can required target product...
Abstract Background Dolutegravir (DTG) is a preferred anchor antiretroviral therapy (ART) for children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV). Methods We assessed the effectiveness safety of DTG in CALHIV aged 0-18 years at start routine care Europe Thailand, including viral suppression (viral load (VL)<50copies/mL), cumulative incidence failure (VF) (confirmed VL≥400copies/mL) associated factors, adverse events (AEs) discontinuation. VF on was compared to protease inhibitor...
We used data from 2 global point prevalence surveys of antibiotic prescribing to describe the treatment sepsis in hospitalized neonates and children. One hundred eighty-five 824 (22.5%) 9/786 children (1.1%) received a World Health Organization-recommended first-line treatment; remainder, 9/639 (1.4%) 102/777 (13.1%) second-line treatment. Reasons for this low adherence guidance should be explored.
Despite a recent decline in the annual incidence of tuberculosis (TB) UK, rates remain higher than most Western European countries. The detection and treatment latent TB infection (LTBI) is an essential component UK control programme. To assess prognostic value cost-effectiveness current two interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) compared with standard tuberculin skin test (TST) for predicting active among untreated individuals at increased risk TB: (1) contacts cases (2) new entrants to...