It is commonly conceived that the cortical areas of hippocampal region are functionally divided into perirhinal cortex (PRC) and lateral entorhinal (LEC), which selectively process object information; medial (MEC), processes spatial information. Contrary to this notion, in rats performing a task demands both information processing, single neurons PRC, LEC, MEC, including those superficial deep grid, border, head direction cells have highly similar range selectivity dimensions task. By...

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is used in the treatment of T-cell-mediated disorders. However, mechanism by which ECP achieves its effect remains illusive. Over recent years ability to induce apoptosis has been demonstrated cell culture experiments and retrospective histological analysis. We investigated if could be determined samples tested ex vivo from UVAR:ECP system. Lymphocytes 11 patients (six with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, four graft-versus-host disease, one scleredema) were...

Episodic memory binds the spatial and temporal relationships between elements of experience. The hippocampus encodes space through place cells that fire at specific locations. Similarly, time sequentially points within a temporally organized Recent studies in rodents, monkeys, humans have identified with discrete firing fields monotonically changing activity supporting organization events across multiple timescales. Using vivo electrophysiological tetrode recordings, we simultaneously...

Abstract Memories are stored in the brain as cellular ensembles activated during learning and reactivated retrieval. Using Tet-tag system mice, we label dorsal dentate gyrus neurons by positive, neutral or negative experiences with channelrhodopsin-2. Following fear-conditioning, these cells artificially fear memory recall. Optical stimulation of a competing positive is sufficient to update reconsolidation, thereby reducing conditioned acutely enduringly. Moreover, mice demonstrate operant...

Memory-guided decision making involves long-range coordination across sensory and cognitive brain networks, with key roles for the hippocampus prefrontal cortex (PFC). In order to investigate mechanisms of such coordination, we monitored activity in (CA1), PFC, olfactory bulb (OB) rats performing an odor-place associative memory guided task on a T-maze. During odor sampling, beta (20–30 Hz) respiratory (7–8 rhythms (RR) were prominent three regions, RR coherence between all pairs regions...

The Weber-Fechner law proposes that our perceived sensory input increases with physical on a logarithmic scale. Hippocampal ‘time cells’ carry record of recent experience by firing sequentially during circumscribed period time after triggering stimulus. Different cells have fields’ at different delays up to least tens seconds. Past studies suggest represent compressed timeline demonstrating fewer fire late in the delay and their fields are wider. This paper asks whether compression obeys...

Freezing is a defensive behavior commonly examined during hippocampal-mediated fear engram reactivation. How these cellular populations engage the brain and modulate freezing across varying environmental demands unclear. To address this, we optogenetically reactivated in dentate gyrus subregion of hippocampus three distinct contexts male mice. We found that there were differential amounts light-induced depending on size context which reactivation occurred: mice demonstrated robust most...

Mazes are a fundamental and widespread tool in behavior systems neuroscience research rodents, especially spatial navigation memory investigations freely behaving animals. However, their form inflexibility often restrict potential experimental paradigms that involve multiple or adaptive maze designs. Unique layouts lead to elevated costs, whether financially terms of time investment from scientists. To alleviate these issues, we have developed an automated, modular system is flexible...

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) therapy is used in the treatment of many T-cell-mediated conditions including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and graft-versus-host disease involves reinfusion a patient's own white cells following exposure to 8-methoxypsoralen ultraviolet A. ECP has been demonstrated induce significant levels apoptosis treated lymphocytes. Previous work highlighted importance mitochondria caspase cascade regulation execution and, more recently, functional role for CD10 proposed...

Abstract: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been demonstrated to be clinically effective for the treatment of steroid‐refractory graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GvHD). Recently, a murine model suggested that ECP may modulate allo‐reactivity, seen in GvHD, by enhancement T regulatory cells. cells are an important component immune tolerance and reduced levels them have observed chronic GvHD. Samples were taken from eight GvHD patients prior receiving any therapy after three months ECP. also...

There is widespread agreement that episodic memory organized into a timeline of past experiences. Recent work suggests the hippocampus may parse flow experience discrete episodes separated by event boundaries. A complementary body context changes gradually as unfolds. We recorded from hippocampal neurons male Long-Evans rats performed 6 blocks an object discrimination task in sets 15 trials. Each block was removal testing chamber for delay to enable segmentation. The reward contingency...

ABSTRACT Memory engrams are both necessary and sufficient to mediate behavioral outputs. Defensive behaviors such as freezing avoidance commonly examined during hippocampal-mediated fear engram reactivation, yet how reactivation of these cellular populations across different contexts engages the brain produce a variety defensive is relatively unclear. To address this, we first optogenetically reactivated tagged in dentate gyrus (DG) subregion hippocampus three distinct contexts. We found...

Background: Pro‐inflammatory cytokines are actively involved in graft‐versus host‐disease (GvHD) aetiology. Treatment of GvHD, using extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), has demonstrated clinical efficacy. ECP rapidly reduces the number T cells that produce tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)2. ECP‐treated re‐infused immediately after completion treatment. This study attempted to determine influence would have on untreated following re‐infusion. Methods:...

Recently, apoptosis has been identified in treated lymphocytes, prior to their re-infusion, when tested ex vivo. Previous work demonstrated a close association between the genes p53, Bcl-2 and Bax induced by UV irradiation.We wanted establish whether expression of protein product these was altered lymphocytes with extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) re-infusion therefore possibly implicated early observed.Lymphocytes were isolated immediately before treatment for intracellular levels...

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been shown to be clinically effective in the treatment of many T cell-mediated conditions. ECP's mechanism action includes induction apoptosis and release pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recently, we have observed early lymphoid apoptosis, detectable immediately post ECP. We were interested determine what influence ECP on cytokine secretion at this pre-infusion stage. Samples from 6 cutaneous cell lymphoma (CTCL) 5 graft versus host disease (GvHD) patients...

Abstract The Weber-Fechner law proposes that our perceived sensory input increases with physical on a logarithmic scale. Hippocampal “time cells” carry record of recent experience by firing sequentially during circumscribed period time after triggering stimulus. Different cells have fields” at different delays up to least tens seconds. Past studies suggest represent compressed timeline demonstrating fewer fire late in the delay and their fields are wider. This paper asks whether compression...

Abstract There is widespread agreement that episodic memory organized into a timeline of past experiences. Recent work suggests the hippocampus may parse flow experience discrete episodes separated by event boundaries. A complementary body context changes gradually as unfolds. We recorded from hippocampal neurons male long evans rats performed 6 blocks an object discrimination task in sets 15 trials. Each block was removal testing chamber for delay to enable segmentation. The reward...

ABSTRACT Memory-guided decision making involves long-range coordination across sensory and cognitive brain networks, with key roles for the hippocampus prefrontal cortex (PFC). To investigate these mechanisms, we monitored activity in (CA1), PFC, olfactory bulb rats performing an odor-place associative memory guided task on a T-maze. During odor sampling, beta (20-30 Hz) respiratory (7-8 rhythms (RR) were prominent three regions, CA1-PFC RR coherence enhanced during odor-cued period. Beta...