A5033297211- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Malaria Research and Control
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Cancer Research and Treatments
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
University of Birmingham
2014-2025
Jenner Institute
2016-2025
Gates Foundation
2018-2025
University of Oxford
2016-2025
Toscana Life Sciences
2012-2023
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
2021
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2019
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme
2007-2018
University of Liverpool
2008-2018
University of Malawi
2005-2017
BackgroundShigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are bacterial pathogens that frequently associated with diarrhoeal disease, a significant cause of mortality morbidity worldwide. The Global Burden Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors study 2016 (GBD 2016) is systematic, scientific effort to quantify the due over 300 causes death disability. We aimed analyse global burden shigella ETEC diarrhoea according age, sex, geography, year from 1990 2016.MethodsWe modelled ETEC-related using...
Whereas most nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with gastroenteritis, there has been a dramatic increase in reports of NTS-associated invasive disease sub-Saharan Africa. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates responsible for significant proportion the reported NTS this region. Multilocus sequence analysis S . from Malawi and Kenya identified dominant type, designated ST313, which currently is rarely outside Whole-genome sequencing multiple drug resistant (MDR) ST313 isolate,...
The population of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the causative agent typhoid fever, exhibits limited DNA sequence variation, which complicates efforts to rationally discriminate individual isolates. Here we utilize data from whole-genome sequences (WGS) nearly 2,000 isolates sourced over 60 countries generate a robust genotyping scheme that is phylogenetically informative and compatible with range assays. These show that, exception rapidly disseminating H58 subclade (now...
Nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella (NTS) are a common cause bacteremia among African children. Cell-mediated immune responses control intracellular infection, but they do not protect against extracellular growth NTS in the blood. We investigated whether antibody protects Malawian children, because we found this condition mainly occurs before 2 years age, with relative sparing infants younger than 4 months old. Sera from all healthy children tested aged more 16 contained anti-Salmonella and...
Patients with inherited deficiency of the interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23-interferon (IFN)- gamma axis show increased susceptibility to invasive disease caused by intramacrophage pathogens salmonellae and mycobacteria. We analyzed data on 154 patients such deficiency. Significantly more IL-12/IL-23-component had a history salmonella than did those IFN- -component Salmonella was typically severe, extraintestinal, nontyphoidal serovars. These findings strongly suggest that IL-12/IL-23 is key...
Nontyphoidal Salmonellae are a major cause of life-threatening bacteremia among HIV-infected individuals. Although cell-mediated immunity controls intracellular infection, antibodies protect against Salmonella bacteremia. We report that high-titer specific for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with lack Salmonella-killing in African adults. Killing was restored by genetically shortening LPS from the target or removing LPS-specific serum. Complement-mediated killing healthy serum is shown...
Background The burden of typhoid in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries has been difficult to estimate, part, due suboptimal laboratory diagnostics. However, surveillance blood cultures at two sites Nigeria have identified associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) as an important cause bacteremia children. Methods A total 128 S. isolates from these studies were whole-genome sequenced, and the resulting data was used place Nigerian into a worldwide context based on their...
Shigella is the leading cause for dysentery worldwide. Together with several virulence factors employed invasion, presence and length of O antigen (OAg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a key role in pathogenesis. S. flexneri 2a has bimodal OAg chain distribution regulated growth-dependent manner, whereas sonnei LPS comprises monomodal OAg. Here we reveal that sonnei, but not 2a, possesses high molecular weight, immunogenic group 4 capsule, characterized by structural similarity to We found...
Significance Bacteria, such as nontyphoidal Salmonella , are responsible for a large global burden of disease. Due to limited need in developed countries and consequent lack commercial incentive, vaccines unavailable against many bacteria. Glycoconjugates constitute the standard bacterial vaccine approach, but can be costly, particularly where multivalent preparations required. This report compares low-cost vesicle-based technology, known Generalized Modules Membrane Antigens (GMMA), with...
Proinflammatory cytokines are involved in clearance of Plasmodium falciparum, and very high levels these have been implicated the pathogenesis severe malaria. In order to determine how vary with disease severity syndrome, we enrolled Malawian children presenting cerebral malaria (CM), malarial anemia (SMA), uncomplicated (UCM) healthy controls. We analyzed serum cytokine concentrations acute infection convalescence. With exception interleukin 5 (IL-5), were highest CM, followed by SMA, only...
Among more than 2500 nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) serovars, S. serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis account for approximately fifty percent of all human isolates NTS reported globally. The global incidence gastroenteritis in 2010 was estimated to be 93 million cases, 80 which were contracted via food-borne transmission. It is that 155,000 deaths resulted from 2010. also causes severe, extra-intestinal, invasive bacteremia, referred as (iNTS) disease. iNTS disease usually presents a...
Abstract There is now a robust pipeline of licensed and World Health Organization (WHO)–prequalified typhoid conjugate vaccines with steady progression national introductions. However, fever responsible for less than half the total global burden Salmonella disease, even among children aged <5 years. Invasive nontyphoidal disease dominant clinical presentation in Africa, over quarter enteric Asia due to paratyphoid A. In this article, we explore case combination vaccines, review...
Bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella is endemic among African children. Case-fatality rates are high and antibiotic resistance increasing, but no vaccine currently available. T cells important for clearance infection within macrophages, in Africa, invasive disease usually manifests the blood affects children between 4 months 2 y age, when anti- antibody absent. We have previously found a role complement-fixing bactericidal protecting these Here we show that opsonic...
Despite the importance of Salmonella infections in human and animal health, target antigens -specific immunity remain poorly defined. We have previously shown evidence for antibody-mediating protection against invasive Salmonellosis mice African children. To generate an overview antibody targeting systemic Salmonellosis, a proteomic array containing over 2,700 proteins was constructed probed with immune sera from -infected humans. Analysis multiple inbred mouse strains identified 117...