The nonessential regions in bacterial chromosomes are ill-defined due to incomplete functional information. Here, we establish a comprehensive repertoire of the genome that dispensable for growth Bacillus subtilis variety media conditions. In complex medium, attempted deletion 157 individual ranging size from 2 159 kb. A total 146 deletions were successful whereas remaining subdivided identify new essential genes (4) and coessential gene sets (7). Overall, our covers ∼76% genome. We screened...

Surfactin, a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, is one of the most powerful biosurfactants known. This molecule consists cyclic heptapeptide linked to β-hydroxy fatty acid chain. The isomery and length (FA) chain are responsible for surfactin's activities. In this study, gene codY, which encode global transcriptional regulator lpdV, located in bkd operon (lpdV, bkdAA, bkdAB bkdB genes), last step branched amino (BCAA) degradation acyl-CoA were deleted. influence these deletions on...

In eukaryotes, RNA species originating from pervasive transcription are regulators of various cellular processes, the expression individual genes to control development and oncogenesis. prokaryotes, function its output on cell physiology is still unknown. Most bacteria possess termination factor Rho, which represses pervasive, mostly antisense, transcription. Here, we investigate biological significance Rho-controlled in Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Rho inactivation...

Summary We characterized YabT , a serine/threonine kinase of the Hanks family, from B acillus subtilis . is putative transmembrane that lacks canonical extracellular signal receptor domain. demonstrate possesses DNA ‐binding motif essential for its activation. In vivo expressed during sporulation and localizes to asymmetric septum. Cells devoid sporulate more slowly exhibit reduced resistance damage sporulation. established phosphorylates ‐recombinase RecA at residue serine 2. A...

Blocking replication forks in the Escherichia coli chromosome by ectopic Ter sites renders RecBCD pathway of homologous recombination and SOS induction essential for viability. In this work, we show that E. helicase II (UvrD) is also growth cells where are arrested at sites. We propose UvrD required Tus removal from The viability a non-inducible Ter-blocked strain fully restored expression two SOS-induced proteins RecA high level, indicating these only across Ter/Tus complexes. Several...

Summary AbrB is a global gene regulator involved in transition phase phenomena B acillus subtilis . It participates complex regulatory network governing the expression of stationary‐phase functions. was previously found to be phosphorylated on serine 86 located close its C ‐terminal oligomerization domain. Here we report that can by three serine/threonine kinases expressed during and stationary phase: PrkC , PrkD YabT Our vitro findings suggest phosphorylation impedes DNA binding abolishes...

Signal transduction in eukaryotes is generally transmitted through phosphorylation cascades that involve a complex interplay of transmembrane receptors, protein kinases, phosphatases and their targets. Our previous work indicated bacterial protein-tyrosine kinases may exhibit similar properties, since they act on many different substrates. To capture the complexity this phosphorylation-based network, we performed comprehensive interactome study focused model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The...

Bacteria possess transcription regulators (of the TetR family) specifically dedicated to repressing genes for cytochrome P450, involved in oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Interaction these repressors with operator sequences is disrupted presence acids, and they are therefore known as fatty-acid-displaced regulators. Here, we describe a novel mechanism inactivating interaction proteins DNA, illustrated by example Bacillus subtilis regulator FatR. FatR was found interact two-hybrid...

Bacillus subtilis Mrp family protein SalA has been shown to indirectly promote the production of exoprotease AprE by inhibiting expression scoC, which codes for a repressor aprE. The exact mechanism influences scoC not clarified previously. We demonstrate that possesses DNA-binding domain (residues 1-60), binds promoter region scoC. binding its target DNA depends on presence ATP and is stimulated phosphorylation at tyrosine 327. B. protein-tyrosine kinase PtkA interacts specifically with...

We have proposed previously that, in Escherichia coli, blockage of replication forks can lead to the reversal fork. Annealing newly synthesized strands creates a double-stranded end adjacent Holliday junction. The junction is migrated away from DNA by RuvAB and be cleaved RuvC, while RecBCD required for repair tail. Consequently, rep mutant, which arrests are frequent fork occurs, requires growth. show here that combination sbcB sbcCD null mutations restores viability recBC mutants...

Transcription termination factor Rho is known for its ubiquitous role in suppression of pervasive, mostly antisense, transcription. In the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis , de-repression pervasive transcription by inactivation rho revealed regulation post-exponential differentiation programs. To identify other aspects regulatory during adaptation to starvation, we have constructed a B . strain (Rho + ) that expresses at relatively stable high level order compensate decrease...

A number of large extrachromosomal elements encode prokaryotic type I topoisomerases unknown functions. Here, we analysed the topoisomerase Topbeta encoded by Gram-positive broad-host-range plasmid pAMbeta1. We show that this enzyme possesses DNA relaxation activity topoisomerases. Interestingly, it is active only on plasmids use polymerase to initiate replication, such as pAMbeta1, and depends polymerase. This first example, our knowledge, specific for a given replicon. During pAMbeta1...

Replication of plasmid pAMβ1 is initiated by DNA polymerase I (Pol I) and completed III holoenzyme contained in the replisome machinery. In this study we report that initiation replication generates D‐loop structures containing nascent leading strand paired to its template, extension arrested ≈230 bp from site synthesis presence plasmid‐encoded resolvase. vitro vivo data suggest arrest caused a collision between Pol resolvase bound target. As intermediates carry single‐stranded...

Bacillus subtilis cells can adopt different life-styles in response to various environmental cues, including planktonic during vegetative growth, sessile biofilm formation and sporulation. While switching life-styles, bacteria must coordinate the progression of their cell cycle with physiological status. Our current understanding regulatory pathways controlling decision-making processes triggering developmental switches highlights a key role protein phosphorylation. The mechanisms that...

ABSTRACT The parE10 (Ts) mutation, which renders Escherichia coli thermosensitive for growth by inactivation of the essential E. topoisomerase topo IV, is lethal at all temperatures when PriA, main replication restart protein, absent. This lethality suppressed activation a PriA-independent pathway ( dnaC809 mutation). result suggests that IV acts prior to full-chromosome completion.

We have studied DNA recombination between 513 bp tandem direct repeats present in a kanamycin resistance gene inserted the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Tandem repeat deletion was not significantly affected by recA mutation. However, stimulated mutations genes encoding replication proteins, including primosomal proteins DnaB, DnaD and DnaG primase, putative polymerase III subunits PolC, DnaN DnaX, as well DnaE. Hyper‐recombination found to be dependent on RecA dnaE , dnaN dnaX mutants,...