A5023507198- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Marine and fisheries research
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- European and International Law Studies
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
2016-2025
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
2008
University of Oslo
1984-2008
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
2007
This paper addresses the genetic consequences of aquaculture on natural fish populations. The study is motivated by rapidly increasing numbers intentionally and accidentally released based empirical observations reported in literature. A wide variety outcomes, ranging from no detectable effect to complete introgression or displacement, has been observed following releases cultured into settings. Where effects performance traits have documented, they always appear be negative comparison with...
Farm Atlantic salmon escape and invade rivers throughout the North annually, which has generated growing concern about their impacts on native populations. A large-scale experiment was therefore undertaken in order to quantify lifetime success interactions of farm invading a Norwegian river. Sexually mature were genetically screened, radio tagged released into River Imsa where no other had been allowed ascend. The fishes competitively reproductively inferior, achieving less than one-third...
The farming of salmon and other marine finfish in open net pens continues to increase along the world's coastlines as aquaculture industry expands meet human demand. Farm fish are known escape from all areas. Their into wild can result interbreeding competition with facilitate spread pathogens, thereby placing more pressure on already dwindling populations. Here we assess ecological, genetic, socioeconomic impacts farm escapes, using a risk-assessment framework. We show that risks damage...
Abstract Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) is one of the best researched fishes, and its aquaculture plays a global role in blue revolution. However, since 1970s, tens millions farmed have escaped into wild. We review current knowledge genetic interactions identify unanswered questions. Native populations are typically genetically distinct from each other potentially locally adapted. Farmed represent limited number wild source that been exposed to ≥12 generations domestication. Consequently,...
Abstract Atlantic salmon ( S almo salar ) is one of the most extensively studied fish species in world due to its significance aquaculture, fisheries and ongoing conservation efforts protect declining populations. Yet, limited genomic resources have hampered our understanding genetic architecture basis adaptation wide range natural artificial environments it occupies. In this study, we describe development a medium‐density A tlantic single nucleotide polymorphism SNP array based on expressed...
Abstract The extensive phenotypic polymorphism in the European whitefish has triggered evolutionary research order to disentangle mechanisms underlying diversification. To illuminate ecological distinctiveness polymorphic whitefish, and evaluate taxonomic designations, we studied nine Norwegian lakes three watercourses, which each harboured pairs of divergent morphs. We compared morphology life history these morphs, documented extent genetic differentiation between them, contrasted niche use...
The aim of the present study was to test possible habitat and food segregation between two charr morphs in Vangsvatnet Lake. population consists one pale phenotype with parr marks along flanks poorly developed spawning coloration (dwarf charr), another silvery nonbreeding condition bright red colors (normal charr). habitus indicated that they were adapted different niches during growth season. analyses distribution showed there marked summer, when dwarf dwelled deep-benthic normal roamed...
Abstract Genetic interactions between farmed and wild conspecifics are of special concern in fisheries where large numbers domesticated individuals released into the wild. In Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), selective breeding since 1970’s has resulted rapid genetic changes commercially important traits, such as a doubling growth rate. Each year, escape from net pens, enter rivers, interbreed with salmon. Field experiments demonstrate that introgression may weaken viability recipient...
Abstract Cultured salmonids are released or escape into the wild in large numbers and may make up significant proportions of salmonid populations fresh- saltwater, causing considerable concern for fitness productivity these populations. This paper focuses on effects escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) salmon. Farmed have been under artificial selection growth other economically important traits 30 years genetically different their origin at molecular quantitative genetic levels....
Abstract Farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) escape from net pens and enter rivers to spawn, potentially resulting in genetic introgression reduced fitness of wild salmon. Here, we quantify farmed salmon, using molecular markers, populations 147 rivers, representing three-quarters the total spawning population Norway. For 109 with adult modern samples sample sizes 20 or more, average level was 6.4% (median = 2.3%), a range between 0.0% 42.2%. Fifty-one these showed significant when compared...
Structural variants (SVs) are a major source of genetic and phenotypic variation, but remain challenging to accurately type hence poorly characterized in most species. We present an approach for reliable SV discovery non-model species using whole genome sequencing report 15,483 high-confidence SVs 492 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) sampled from broad phylogeographic distribution. These recover population structure with high resolution, include active DNA transposon, widely affect...
Abstract We compared mitochondrial DNA and gill‐raker number variation in populations of the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) species complex to illuminate their evolutionary history, discuss mechanisms behind diversification. Using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) sequencing 528 bp combined parts cytochrome oxidase b (cyt ) NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) mithochondrial (mtDNA) regions, we documented phylogeographic relationships among phylogeny mtDNA haplotypes....
The systematica of coexisting morphotypes Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, has been a matter dispute ever since the days Linnaeus. Widespread allelic variation at an esterase locus led some investigators to propose that reflect complex least three sibling species. We tested this hypothesis by examining 42 electrophoretically detectable loci in natural and transplanted charr populations from 15 localities S Norway. absolute values Nei's genetic distance between are small (typically order...
Combining morphological and genetic analysis, we compared patterns of diversification within between morphs among sympatric European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) populations in Lake Femund, Norway. Seven external populations, from potential colonization routes into Femund were included. We found that deep-, shallow-, river- bay spawning are distinct Femund. Within morphs, range being similar genetically (Fst=0-0.005) deep-spawning to highly differentiated (Fst=0.153) bay-spawning...
Electrophoretic studies of proteins remain a primary source insight into genetic diversity in many species including the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar , one most culturally and economically important fish North region. Since 1966, >350 scientific papers on protein variation have been published encompassing 25 000+ from over 400 locations >200 river systems across species’ distribution. Variation has detected at 30% 110 loci screened, though examine <40. The method applied largely to...
In this paper, we investigate the reproductive strategy maintaining dwarf and normal phenotypes of an Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) population. Both morphs occurred together in spawning area, but peak abundance spawners was significantly deeper, later period, than spawners. attained sexual maturity at same age did not differ length-specific fecundity or egg diameter. Our data support hypothesis that females matured sexually maximizes their fitness within constraints imposed by growth...
Microsatellite genotyping is a common DNA characterization technique in population, ecological and evolutionary genetics research. Since different alleles are sized relative to internal size-standards, laboratories must calibrate standardize allelic designations when exchanging data. This interchange of microsatellite data can often prove problematic. Here, 16 loci were calibrated standardized for the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, across 12 laboratories. Although inconsistencies observed,...
The Ryman–Laikre (R-L) effect is an increase in inbreeding and a reduction total effective population size (NeT) combined captive–wild system, which arises when few captive parents produce large numbers of offspring. To facilitate evaluation the R-L for scenarios that are relevant to marine stock enhancement aquaculture, we extended original formula explicitly account several key factors determine NeT, including wild adults, ratio Ne/N (β), productivity breeders, removal individuals from...
After a half century of salmon farming, we have yet to understand how the influx genes from farmed escapees affects full life history Atlantic (Salmo salar L.) in wild. Using scale samples over 6900 wild adult 105 rivers, document that increased genetic ancestry is associated with growth throughout and younger age at both seaward migration sexual maturity. There was large among-population variation effects introgression. Most saliently, sea following introgression declined population’s...