A5015985724- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Digestive system and related health
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Studies
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Physical Activity and Health
- Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Cancer Risks and Factors
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Massey University
2014-2024
Riddet Institute
2019-2023
University of Otago
2019-2021
Food & Nutrition
2017
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
2013
University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation
2013
University of Auckland
2001-2010
Health Research Council of New Zealand
2003
Technical University of Munich
2000
University of Bern
2000
Environmental factors and diet are generally believed to be accelerators of obesity hypertension, but they not the underlying cause. Our animal model hypertension is based on observation that impaired fetal growth has long-term clinical consequences induced by programming. Using undernutrition throughout pregnancy, we investigated whether effects programming adult mediated changes in insulin leptin action increased appetite may a behavioral trigger disease. Virgin Wistar rats were time mated...
An adverse prenatal environment may induce long-term metabolic consequences, in particular obesity and insulin resistance. Although the mechanisms are unclear, this programming has generally been considered an irreversible change developmental trajectory. Adult offspring of rats subjected to undernutrition during pregnancy develop obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, especially presence a high-fat diet. Reduced locomotor activity hyperphagia contribute increased fat mass. Using model...
This report describes essential requirements for the validation of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and presents solutions to some problems pitfalls commonly observed. The preparation IGF-I be used as radioligand or standard has selected carefully since preparations are contaminated with variants which demonstrate different potencies antisera in RIA. Accurate assessment levels blood plasma requires an efficient extraction method IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs)....
The discovery of a link between in utero experience and later metabolic cardiovascular disease is one the most important advances epidemiology research recent years. There now increasing evidence that alterations fetal environment have long-term consequences on endocrine pathophysiology adult life. This process has been termed "fetal programming," we shown undernutrition mother during gestation leads to obesity, hypertension, hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia offspring. Using...
ABSTRACT The relationship between plasma GH profiles and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) at three different planes nutrition, chosen to represent a high, medium low level nutrition (3%, 1·8% 1% dry matter liveweight per day) was studied in 15 young Angus steers. All steers were maintained on 3% for 5 weeks, then one the nutritional 4 weeks all returned 3 weeks. Blood sampled through jugular catheters 15-min intervals 25 h end each phase study additional...
Abstract While it is well established that severe maternal undernutrition during pregnancy causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), there has been relatively little study of the endocrine consequences and postnatal development growth-retarded offspring. We have developed a model in rat IUGR by nutritional restriction mother throughout gestation examined effects fetal on metabolic status perinatal period. Timed matings were performed Wistar rats dams randomly assigned to one two dietary...
OBJECTIVE--To test the hypothesis that reduced fetal growth leads to altered plasma insulin-like factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations in childhood. DESIGN--A follow up study of 4 year old children whose birth weights were recorded, and 7 weight, length, head circumference, placental weight measured at birth. SETTING--Pune, India, Salisbury, England. SUBJECTS--200 born during October 1987 April 1989 King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, weighing over 2.0 kg not requiring special care, 244 July 1984...
ABSTRACT Plasma GH profiles and circulating concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factors-I -II (IGF-I -II) were examined in 20 steers on either high (3% dry matter body weight per day) or low (1% planes nutrition with without an implant oestradiol-17β. The response IGF-I to a bolus injection bovine (bGH) was also investigated. Reduced feeding significantly ( P <0·01) increased the mean concentration, peak height integrated area GH. Treatment oestradiol at baseline concentrations....
An adverse prenatal environment may induce long-term metabolic consequences, in particular obesity, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanisms are unclear, this "programming" has generally been considered an irreversible change developmental trajectory. Adult offspring of rats subjected to undernutrition (UN) during pregnancy develop hyperinsulinemia, especially presence a high-fat diet. Using model maternal UN, we have recently shown that neonatal...
A range of psychophysical taste measurements are used to characterize an individual’s sweet perception and assess links between dietary intake. The aims this study were investigate the relationship four different perception, explore which measures relate food Forty-four women aged 20–40 years recruited for study. Four (detection recognition thresholds, intensity hedonic liking suprathreshold concentrations) assessed using glucose as tastant. Dietary included a four-day weighed record,...
Epigenomic regulation of the transcriptome by DNA methylation and posttranscriptional gene silencing miRNAs are potential environmental modulators skeletal muscle plasticity to chronic exercise in healthy diseased populations. We utilized networks connect exercise-induced differential miRNA with functional plasticity. Biopsies vastus lateralis were collected from middle-aged Polynesian men women morbid obesity (44 kg/m 2 ± 10) Type diabetes before following 16 wk resistance ( n = 9) or...
In vivo effects of 300-min infusions recombinant insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II on glucose protein metabolism have been investigated in awake, fasted lambs. Two doses human (rh) IGF-I were infused: 6.7 nmol/kg.h, which induced hypoglycemia, 2.0 did not. The compared with an insulin infusion (0.17 nmol/kg.h) that had the same hypoglycemic potential as high dose rhIGF-I infusion. rhIGF-II was infused at a rate nmol/kg.h. Primed constant isotopically labeled glucose, urea...
Obesity and its related disorders are the most prevalent health problems in Western world. Using paradigm of fetal programming we developed a rodent model which displays phenotype obesity metabolic commonly observed human populations. We apply maternal undernutrition throughout gestation, generating nutrient-deprived intrauterine environment to induce programming. Maternal results growth retardation significantly decreased body weight at birth. Programmed offspring develop hyperphagia,...
ABSTRACT The binding of bovine GH (bGH) to hepatic membranes obtained from steers on either high (3% dry matter body weight per day) or low (1% planes nutrition with without an oestradiol-17β implant was studied ( n = 5 group). Binding studies were performed both crude membrane homogenates and 100 000 g microsomal fractions; identical results using preparations. In all four groups animals, linear Scatchard plots obtained, but following pretreatment the MgCl 2 remove endogenously bound...
The discovery of a link between in utero experience and later metabolic cardiovascular disease is one the most important advances epidemiology research recent years. There increasing evidence that alterations fetal environment may have long-term consequences on cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine pathophysiology adult life. This process has been termed programming, we shown undernutrition mother during gestation leads to programming hyperphagia, obesity, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia,...
The cloning of cattle by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) is associated with a high incidence abnormal placentation, excessive fluid accumulation in the fetal sacs (hydrops syndrome), and overgrowth. Fetal placental development was investigated at Day 50, during placentome formation; 100, when placentation completed; 150, hydrops syndrome frequently develops. NT fetuses were compared contemporary half-siblings generated from vitro-produced embryos or artificial insemination (AI). cotyledon...
The escalating rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached pandemic proportions. It has been proposed that the risk developing metabolic disorders in adult life is influenced by environmental factors, which operate during early periods development. We previously shown an interaction between prenatal postnatal dietary environment amplifies propensity towards diet-induced obesity, although mechanisms are unclear. In present study, we investigated undernutrition high-fat nutrition on key...