Abstract Summary In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in bacteriophages, which led to growing numbers of bacteriophage genomic sequences becoming available. Consequently, is a need for rapid and consistent annotation tool dedicated bacteriophages. Existing tools either are not designed specifically bacteriophages or web- email-based require significant manual curation, makes their integration into bioinformatic pipelines challenging. Pharokka was created provide that...

Phage therapy is one of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics as we face global antibiotic resistance crisis. However, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) phage are largely unknown. In present study, aimed evaluate PK/PD a locally isolated virulent novel øKp_Pokalde_002 ( Podoviridae , C1 morphotype) that infects carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp56) using oral intraperitoneal (IP) route in mouse model. The result showed rapidly distributed into systemic...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition of the sinonasal mucosa. Despite being a common health issue, exact cause CRS yet to be understood. However, research suggests that Staphylococcus aureus, particularly in its biofilm form, associated with disease. This study aimed investigate impact long-term exposure secreted factors aureus (SABSFs), harvested from clinical isolates non-CRS carrier and patients, on nasal mucosa rat model. Animals were randomised (n = 5/group) receive...

Prophages affect bacterial fitness on multiple levels. These include infectivity, toxin secretion, virulence regulation, surface modification, immune stimulation and evasion microbiome competition. Lysogenic conversion arms bacteria with novel accessory functions thereby increasing fitness, host adaptation persistence, antibiotic resistance. properties allow the to occupy a niche long term can contribute chronic infections inflammation such as rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we aimed...

Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) caused by atypical mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium abscessus avium intracellulare complex (MAIC) have increased in recent years. Current therapeutic options are limited, hence new better therapies urgently required. Colloidal Silver (CS) has been identified for its widespread antibacterial properties silver-impregnated dressings used SSTIs various pathogens. The efficacy of Green Synthesized (GSCS) was investigated bacterial growth inhibition (BGI)...

Prophage, a temperate phage embedded in bacterium's genome, affect bacterial fitness multiple ways, including infectivity, toxin secretion, virulence regulation, surface modification, immune evasion, and microbiome competition. Studies have revealed that prophages significantly impact the distribution spread of antimicrobial resistance. Lysogenic conversion by introduces novel accessory functions to bacteria, enhancing fitness, host adaptation persistence different econiches. Prophages can...

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause sinus infections and pneumonia in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Bacteriophage therapy being investigated as a treatment for antibiotic-resistant P. infections. Although virulent bacteriophages have shown promise treating infections, the development of bacteriophage-insensitive mutants (BIMs) presence has been described. The aim this study was to examine genetic changes associated with BIM phenotype. Biofilms three...

Abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) represents chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa characterised by dysfunction sinuses' natural defence mechanisms and induction different inflammatory pathways ranging from a Th1 to Th2 predominant polarisation. Recalcitrant CRS is associated with Staphylococcus aureus dominant mucosal biofilms; however, S. colonisation sinonasal has also been observed in healthy individuals challenging significance pathogenesis. We aimed investigate relationship...

Background: Global emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major public health concern. Phage therapy – application lytic phage to kill pathogenic bacteria considered as one the promising alternatives tackle this antibiotic crisis in recent days. This study aimed isolate, characterize and evaluate therapeutic efficacy novel K. mouse model.Methods: A bacteriophage (phage) Kp_Pokalde_002 was isolated against (Kp56) characterized. Safety parameters were evaluated by...

Application of bacteriophages (phages) to treat complex multidrug-resistant bacterial infection is gaining traction because its efficacy and universal availability. However, as phages are specific their host, a diverse collection locally isolated phage from various geographical locations required formulate wide host range cocktail. Here, we report morphological genomic features three newly river water the urban region in Kathmandu, Nepal, targeting different bacteria (Escherichia coli,...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic sinonasal mucosal inflammation associated with Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and relapsing infections. This study aimed to determine rates of S. persistence pathoadaptation in CRS patients by investigating the genomic relatedness antibiotic resistance/tolerance longitudinally collected clinical isolates. A total 68 S . paired isolates (34 pairs) were sourced from 34 at least 6 months apart. Isolates grown into 48 h biofilms tested for...

Abstract Phage therapy has recently been revitalized in the West with many successful applications against multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, lack of geographically diverse bacteriophage (phage) genomes constrained our understanding phage diversity and its genetics underpinning host specificity, lytic capability, phage-bacteria co-evolution. This study aims to locally isolate virulent phages uropathogenic Escherichia coli ( E. ) phenotypic genomic features. Three obligately...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a persistent inflammation of the sinus mucosa. Recalcitrant CRS patients are unresponsive to medical and surgical interventions often present with nasal polyps, tissue eosinophilia, Staphylococcus aureus dominant mucosal biofilms. However, S. sinonasal colonisation occurs in absence inflammation, questioning role pathogenesis. Here, we aimed investigate relationship between biofilm metabolic activity virulence genes, innate immune cells, disease severity CRS....

Abstract Introduction In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the congestion and blockage of nose can cause anaerobic conditions within sinus cavities which may promote expression virulence antibiotic resistance genes in invading pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a facultative bacteria causes severe recalcitrant CRS. this study, we aimed to evaluate antimicrobial P. isolates CRS patients planktonic biofilm form grown aerobic conditions. Methods clinical ( n = 25) were Minimum inhibitory...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen frequently causing healthcare-associated infections. The apocalyptic rise of antimicrobial resistance has rekindled interest in age-old phage therapy that uses phages (viruses infect bacteria) to kill the targeted pathogenic bacteria. Because its specificity, are often considered as potential personalized therapeutic candidate for treating bacterial infections.In this study, we isolated and purified lytic against multi-drug...

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus colonizes 30% of the human population, but only a few clones cause severe infections. S. aureus’ virulence varies and partly depends on presence prophages, viral DNA embedded in core genome, such as hlb-converting prophage (ϕSa3int). Human-adapted often harbours ϕSa3int group prophages preferentially integrated into their β-hemolysin ( hlb ) gene that encodes immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes. Exotoxins modulatory molecules encoded by this can inhibit innate...

Escherichia coli causes several infections like intestinal diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia, which are difficult to treat due the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared carbapenem-resistant E. a critical pathogen called for development new agents. Phage therapy, century-old technique, has been revitalised recently with many successful applications against multi-drug resistant infections. As such, phage therapy is considered one...

Abstract Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinus mucosa. Despite being a common health issue, exact cause CRS yet to be understood. However, research suggests that Staphylococcus aureus , particularly in biofilm form, drives disease. This study aimed investigate impact long-term exposure secreted factors (SABSF), harvested from clinical isolates non-CRS carriers and patients, on nasal mucosa rat model. Wistar rats were randomised (n=5/group) receive...

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease (NTM-PD) caused by Mycobacterium abscessus is a frequent complication in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) that worsens lung function over time. Currently, there no cure for NTM-PD, hence new therapies are urgently required. Disrupting bacterial iron uptake pathways using gallium-protoporphyrin (IX) (GaPP), heme analog, has been proposed as novel antibacterial approach to tackle multi-drug resistant M. abscessus. However, the activity of GaPP...

Abstract Escherichia coli causes several infections like intestinal diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia, which are difficult to treat due the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared carbapenem-resistant E. a critical pathogen called for development new agents. Phage therapy, century-old technique, has been revitalised recently with many successful applications against multi-drug resistant infections. As such, phage therapy is...

Scientific meetings and conferences play a crucial role in knowledge dissemination, fostering collaborations, professional development, inspiring innovative research. However, their traditional structure organisation have remained largely unchanged, perpetuating barriers that continue to exclude scientists from under-represented groups. In response, the Microbiology Society has begun its journey address these longstanding challenges, redesigning create more inclusive culture welcoming...

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance – a condition when microbes are no longer sensitive to the drugs used kill them is global concern and emergence of superbugs have threatened advances modern medicine pushing us closer post antibiotic era. Once easily treatable infections now killing alternatives antibiotics being explored. Among all alternatives, phage therapy though longest in clinics largely ignored by western world. Bacteriophages viruses that infect bacteria but leave animal plant...