Although 3D printing allows the macroscopic structure of objects to be easily controlled, controlling nanostructure printed materials has rarely been reported. Herein, we report an efficient and versatile process for fabricating with controlled nanoscale structural features. This approach uses resins containing macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs) which microphase separate during photoinduced form nanostructured materials. By varying length macroCTA, demonstrate a high level...

Producing synthetic soft worm and rod structures with multiple chemical functionalities on the surface would provide potential utility in drug delivery, nanoreactors, tissue engineering, diagnostics, rheology modifiers, enzyme mimics, many other applications. Here, we have synthesized multifunctional worms rods directly water using a one-step reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-mediated dispersion polymerization at high weight fractions of polymer (>10 wt %). The...

Currently, there are no straightforward methods to 3D print materials with nanoscale control over morphological and functional properties. Here, a novel approach for the fabrication of controlled morphologies using rapid commercially available Digital Light Processing printing technique is demonstrated. This process exploits reversible deactivation radical polymerization in-situ-polymerization-induced microphase separation resins, which provides complex architectures controllable from macro-...

The development of advanced solid-state energy-storage devices is contingent upon finding new ways to produce and manufacture scalable, high-modulus electrolytes that can simultaneously provide high ionic conductivity robust mechanical integrity. In this work, an efficient one-step process solid polymer composed nanoscale ion-conducting channels embedded in a rigid crosslinked matrix via Digital Light Processing 3D printing reported. A visible-light-mediated polymerization-induced...

Abstract The majority of materials 3D printed using vat photopolymerization techniques are prepared by uncontrolled polymerization methods and cannot be easily modified to introduce additional functionality; these can considered as effectively “dead” materials. Fortunately, a suite photocontrolled reversible–deactivation radical (photoRDRP) is recently implemented in printing. In addition their fast rate oxygen tolerance, the high livingness imparted photoRDRP beginning disrupt field...

Abstract Nanostructured polymeric materials play important roles in many advanced applications, however, controlling the morphologies of thermosets remains a challenge. This work uses multi‐arm macroCTAs to mediate polymerization‐induced microphase separation (PIMS) and prepare nanostructured via photoinduced 3D printing. The characteristic length scale microphase‐separated domains is determined by macroCTA arm length, while nanoscale are controlled architecture. Specifically, using 2‐ 4‐...

Nanostructured carbon materials with designer geometries are of great interest for a wide range energy‐based and environmental applications due to their tunable microstructure, which allows optimized properties performance, as well ability be shaped in complex three‐dimensional (3D) suited targeted applications. However, achieving controllable way preparing nanostructured precise macroscale control has proven challenging. Herein, straightforward approach 3D printing polyacrylonitrile...

Abstract Traditionally, combining carbon and ceramic materials has been challenging due to their different chemical physical properties. Despite the development of numerous methodologies for synthesis, these techniques frequently necessitate intricate, multi‐stage protocols specialized equipment. This study introduces a novel approach fabricating nanostructured carbon‐ceramic multimaterials through polymerization‐induced microphase separation 3D printing. By inorganic precursors,...

To date, the restricted capability to fabricate ceramics with independently tailored nano- and macroscopic features has hindered their implementation in a wide range of crucial technological areas, including aeronautics, defense, microelectronics. In this study, novel approach that combines self- digital assembly create polymer-derived highly controlled structures spanning from macroscale is introduced. Polymerization-induced microphase separation resin during light processing generates...

In this study, the fabrication of 3D-printed polymer materials with controlled phase separation using polymerization induced microphase (PIMS) via photoinduced 3D printing is demonstrated. While many parameters affecting nanostructuration in PIMS processes are extensively investigated, influence chain transfer agent (CTA) end group, i.e., Z-group, macromolecular (macroCTA) remains unclear as previous research has exclusively employed trithiocarbonate CTA group. Herein, effect macroCTAs...

Multicompartment tadpole nano-objects are a rare and intriguing class of structures with potential in wide range applications. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis chemically multifunctional polymer tadpoles made at high weight fractions (>10 wt %). The synthesized using two different thermoresponsive MacroCTAs either alkyne or pyridyldisulfide end-groups, allowing chemical functionality head, tail, both. Water-soluble molecules polymers were coupled to tail both without change configuration....

Understanding the intricate relationship between polymer architecture and biological activity is critical for advancing development of antibacterial polymers. In this study, we systematically investigated properties hemocompatibility 27 different synthetic polymers prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The activities these were probed against two gram-negative bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Escherichia coli K12. Furthermore,...

Ion‐exchange materials are commonly composed of polyelectrolyte networks in which crosslinking preserves macroscopic geometry and prevents dissolution aqueous conditions. However, inherently inhibits efficient swelling mass transfer during ion‐exchange processes. Herein, a one‐step polymerization‐induced microphase separation (PIMS) approach directly using water linear polystyrene sulfonate macromolecular chain agents (macroCTAs) is developed to engineer bicontinuous nanostructured with...

The rise in coronavirus variants has resulted surges of the disease across globe. mutations spike protein on surface virion membrane not only allow for greater transmission but also raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness. Preventing spread SARS-CoV-2, its variants, and other viruses from person to via airborne or requires effective inactivation virus. Here, we report a water-borne spray-on coating complete viral particles degradation their RNA. Our nanoworms efficiently bind and, through...

Here, we have developed a new methodology to obtain pure population of well-defined and kinetically trapped structures directly in water, inaccessible by other self-assembly techniques. We exemplified this method through the synthesis stacked toroidal micelles into nanorattle with multiple orthogonal surface chemical functionality. These unique polymer nanorattles result from water-surrounded inner core (or yolk) encapsulated shell toroids. The were monodispersed could be freeze-dried...

Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs using nanoparticles to the highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer cells has potential reduce side effects and drug resistance. Cell entry into can be enhanced by incorporating cell binding receptor molecules on surface enhance receptor-mediated pathways, including clatherin or caveolae endocytosis. However, for cells, these pathways may not effective, with more rapid high volume uptake from macropinocytosis phagocytosis being significantly...

Polymer nanostructures can be designed with specific properties and functions, such as controlled shape, size, chemical composition, adaptive ability to change shape or size in response environmental cues. Precise control organize polymer chains into uniform nonspherical symmetric asymmetric at scale remains a synthetic challenge. Here, by using the temperature-directed morphology transformation (TDMT) method we show through systematic organization of synthesis well-defined (i.e., tadpole)...

Abstract The distribution of molecular weights in polymers, known as the weight (MWD), plays a significant role dictating behavior polymer self‐assembly and influencing characteristics resulting materials. This study investigates how MWD macromolecular chain‐transfer agents (macroCTAs) impact internal nanostructures materials prepared by polymerization‐induced microphase separation (PIMS) 3D printing. In aim elucidating this relationship, initially harnessed precision offered narrow‐MWD...

The development of renewable vinyl-based photopolymer resins offers a promising solution to reducing the environmental impact associated with 3D printed materials. This study introduces bifunctional lipoate cross-linker containing dynamic disulfide bond, which is combined acrylic monomers (

Targeting the spleen with nanoparticles could increase efficacy of vaccines and cancer immunotherapy, have potential to treat intracellular infections including leishmaniasis, trypanosome, splenic TB, AIDS, malaria, hematological disorders. Although, nanoparticle capture in both liver has been well documented, there are only a few examples specific alone. It is proposed that larger size (>400 nm) greater specificity within spleen. Here, we synthesized five nanostructures different shapes...

Driving amphiphilic block copolymers to self-assemble into asymmetric and equilibrium nanostructures remains a challenge. Here, we use the temperature-directed morphology transformation (TDMT) method tailor self-assembly of nanoparticles with either single (i.e., tadpole) or multi-arm geometry directly in water at scale (>10 wt % polymer). These were close their not transient kinetically trapped structure since they did change addition high amounts plasticizer, could be freeze-dried...

Polymer nanostructures can be designed with tailored properties and functions by varying their shape, chemical compositions, surface functionality. The poor stability of these soft materials in solvent other than water overcome introducing cross-links. However, cross-linking complex morphologies remains a challenge. Here, using the temperature-directed morphology transformation method, we show that symmetric (nanoworm) asymmetric (tadpole) nanostructure cores UV-cross-linked through coupling...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumour drug resistance and metastasis; thus, targeting CSCs can be a promising approach to stop cancer recurrence. However, small in numbers readily differentiate into matured cells, making the study of their biological features, including therapeutic targets, difficult. The use three-dimensional (3D) culture systems enrich has some limitations, low sphere forming efficiency, enzymatic digestion that may damage surface proteins, more...

Conditions to form well-defined polymeric tadpole nanostructures.