Fungi of the recently defined order Sebacinales (Basidiomycota) are involved in a wide spectrum mutualistic symbioses (including mycorrhizae) with various plants, thereby exhibiting unique potential for biocontrol strategies. The axenically cultivable root endophyte Piriformospora indica is model organism this fungal order. It able to increase biomass and grain yield crop plants. In barley, induces local systemic resistance diseases abiotic stress. To elucidate lifestyle P. , we analyzed its...

Plants have inherent capabilities to modulate their resistance against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant–microorganism interactions in the rhizosphere play vital role such responses. The of non-pathogenic or beneficial bacteria as plant microbial strains with plants soil are governed mostly by Plant growth regulators salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic (JA), ethylene (ET), which involved regulation basal various pathogens. well known induce systemic (ISR), similar pathogen-activated acquired...

Because of their beneficial impact on plants, the highly diverse mycorrhizal fungi grouped in order Sebacinales lay claim to high ecological and agricultural significance. Here, we describe for first time associations Sebacinoid members with bacteria. Using quantitative PCR, denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis fluorescence situ hybridization, detected an intimate association between Piriformospora indica Rhizobium radiobacter, alpha-Proteobacterium. The stability association, vertical...

Summary Beneficial effects elicited by the root endophyte Piriformospora indica are widely known, but mechanism which these achieved is still unclear. It proposed that phytohormones produced fungal symbiont play a crucial role in interaction with plant roots. Biochemical analyses of underlying biosynthetic pathways for auxin production have shown that, on tryptophan feeding, P. can produce indole‐3‐acetic acid ( IAA ) and indole‐3‐lactate ILA through intermediate indole‐3‐pyruvic IPA ). Time...

Abstract Recent advances in engineering lead to the fabrication of nanomaterials with unique properties targeted toward specific applications. The use nanotechnology agriculture, particular for plant protection and production, is an under‐explored area research community. Fungal diseases are one leading causes crop destruction and, this context, antifungal effect nanoparticles cobalt nickel ferrite against phytopathogenic fungi reported here. As a proof concept, it also shown how such can be...

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (cdk5), a member of the cdk family, is active mainly in postmitotic cells and plays important roles neuronal development migration, neurite outgrowth, synaptic transmission. In this study we investigated relationship between cdk5 activity regulation mitogen-activated (MAP) pathway. We report that phosphorylates MAP kinase-1 (MEK1) <i>in vivo</i> as well Ras-activated MEK1 vitro</i>. The phosphorylation by resulted inhibition catalytic extracellular...

Starch is a major part of cereal grain. It comprises two glucose polymer fractions, amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP), that make up about 25 75 % total starch, respectively. The ratio the affects processing quality digestibility starch-based food products. Digestibility determines nutritional quality, as high starch considered resistant or healthy (RS type 2) highly preferred for preventive measures against obesity related health conditions. topic nutrition security currently receiving much...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is found in an active form only neuronal cells. Activation by virtue of association with the cyclin-like proteins p35 (or its truncated p25) and p39 mechanism currently shown to regulate cdk5 catalytic activity. In addition cyclin binding, other members cdk family require for maximal activation phosphorylation a Ser/Thr residue (Thr(160) case cdk-2) that conserved all cdks except cdk8. This site phosphorylated cdk-activating kinases, which, however, do not...

Phenolic compounds (PCs) affect the bread quality and can also other types of end-use food products such as chapatti (unleavened flat bread), now globally recognised wheat-based product. The detailed analysis PCs their biosynthesis genes in diverse wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties differing for have not been studied. In this study, identification quantification using UPLC-QTOF-MS and/or MS/MS functional genomics techniques microarrays qRT-PCR studied a good variety, 'C 306' poor...

Abstract Twenty‐four isolates of Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris ) collected from soil, root and collar rot or foliage blight‐infected plants several locations north India were used for the analysis variability by using morphological molecular markers. Among characters, variation was observed in hyphal cell size. Seventeen produced few to abundant, white dark brown black, small large sclerotia generally middle colony. Genetic also analysed 11 random amplified...

Starch makes up 70% of the wheat grain, and is an important source calories for humans, however, overconsumption starch may contribute to nutrition-associated health problems. The challenge develop resistant including high amylose varieties with benefits. Adapting advance genomic approaches in EMS-induced mutant lines differing content, basic leucine zipper (bZIP) regulatory factors that play role controlling biosynthesis were identified wheat. bZIP transcription are key regulators genes...

Abstract: Cyclin‐dependent kinase‐5 (CDK‐5) has been shown to play important roles in neuronal development and neurogenesis. In vitro studies indicate a role of CDK‐5 phosphorylation neurofilaments (NFs). this study, we have chosen the human neuroblastoma cell line SHSY5Y as model system study vivo NF proteins by CDK‐5. Upon differentiation cells with retinoic acid, found that high molecular mass (NF‐H) medium (NF‐M) NFs increased, whereas protein level kinase activity were unaffected. The...

The cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) possesses unique flour quality, which can be processed into many end-use food products such as bread, pasta, chapatti (unleavened flat bread), biscuit, etc. present varieties require improvement in processing quality to meet the increasing demand of better products. However, is very complex and controlled by genes, have not been completely explored. To identify candidate genes whose expressions changed due variation interaction (quality x...

Abstract Background Mango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , is one of the most important diseases mango crop. It mainly attacks leaves, flowers, young fruits and twigs also appears as a post-harvest disease ripened fruits. Application bio-control agents has huge potential in plant management. The goal present research was to establish individual combined for management anthracnose under vitro field conditions. Results antagonistic reaction six fungi, bacteria nine...

Abstract Alternaria blotch, caused by alternata f. sp. mali , poses a substantial economic threat to apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivation. Despite its significance, comprehensive understanding of the resistance responses recently introduced commercial apple cultivars remains underexplored in scientific literature. This study explored potential within germplasm collection, focusing on identifying with inherent pathogen. Evaluation gene pool for identified five cultivars, Skyline...

Background Cancer patients undergoing Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment are susceptible to acute and chronic cardiac anomalies, including aberrant arrhythmias, ventricular dysfunction, heart failure. To stratify at high risk for DOX -related failure (CHF), diagnostic techniques have been sought. While echocardiography is used monitoring LVEF LV volumes due its wide-availability cost-efficiency, it may not identify early stages of the initiation DOX-induced systolic address these limitations, PET...