A5038456294- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Sex work and related issues
- Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Protein purification and stability
- Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
University of California, San Francisco
2012-2025
University of California System
2024
Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research
2022
San Francisco AIDS Foundation
2022
Office of Infectious Diseases
2022
Kumamoto University Hospital
1997-2008
Tottori University
2001-2002
Kumamoto University
1996-2001
Background: Omeprazole is mainly metabolized in the liver by CYP2C19, a genetically determined enzyme, whereas rabeprazole reduced non‐enzymatically and partially CYP2C19. The therapeutic effects of are therefore assumed to be less affected an individual’s CYP2C19 status. Aim: To investigate acid inhibitory plasma levels omeprazole with reference different genotypes. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers took daily dose 20 mg or for 8 days. On post‐dose days 1 8, 24‐h profiles intragastric pH...
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIV prevention, but data are limited on incidence among PrEP users in generalized epidemic settings, particularly outside of selected risk groups. We performed a population-based study rural Kenya and Uganda sought to evaluate both changes clinical virologic outcomes following seroconversion PrEP.During population-level testing individuals ≥15 years 16 communities the Sustainable East Africa Research Community Health (SEARCH)...
Adherence challenges with oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are common. We developed a point-of-care assay to objectively assess tenofovir in urine and conducted pilot trial examining the impact of counselling informed by use this on long-term PrEP adherence. This randomised enrolled women not serodiscordant partnerships 3 months after initiation at Kenya Medical Research Institute compare standard-of-care adherence versus (urine-test group) every for 12 months. In...
Atorvastatin (ATV) is primarily metabolized by CYP3A in the liver to form two active hydroxy metabolites. Therefore, sequential transport system governed hepatic uptake and efflux transporters important for drug disposition metabolism. Here, we assessed interaction of ATV with transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2/Mrp2) vitro ex situ using isolated perfused rat (IPRL). Rifampicin (RIF) was chosen as an inhibitor Oatp both...
Current pharmacologic adherence monitoring for antiretrovirals involves expensive, labor-intensive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods. Antibody-based assays can monitor and support in real time. We developed a tenofovir (TFV)-based immunoassay further validated it directly observed therapy (DOT) study.
Objective: HIV prevention and treatment studies demonstrate that pharmacologic adherence metrics are more accurate than self-report. Currently available use liquid-chromatography/tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which is expensive laboratory-based. We developed a specific sensitive antibody against tenofovir, the backbone of prevention, but conversion to lateral flow assay (LFA) – analogous urine pregnancy test required for point-of-care testing. describe development first LFA measure...
Three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPSs) mimicking human organ function in vitro are an emerging alternative to conventional monolayer cell culture and animal models for drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential capture diversity of genetics provide unlimited supply cells. Combining hiPSCs with microfluidics technology MPSs offers new perspectives Here, integration a newly developed liver MPS cardiac MPS—both created same hiPSC line—to...
The disposition of digoxin and the influence organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp)2 inhibitor rifampicin P-glycoprotein (P-gp) quinidine on its hepatic were examined in isolated perfused rat liver. Livers from groups rats a recirculatory manner after bolus dose (10 μg), dual substrate for Oatp2 P-gp as well CYP3A. Perfusions also presence inhibitors: (100 μM) or μM). In all experiments, perfusate samples collected 60 min. Digoxin primary metabolite determined liver by liquid...
Pharmacokinetic coadministration experiments with atorvastatin (ATV) and rifampicin (RIF) in rats were performed to investigate the potential involvement of hepatic uptake transporters, Oatps (organic anion-transporting polypeptides), during drug elimination, as an vivo extension our recently published cellular isolated perfused liver studies. ATV was administered orally (10 mg/kg) intravenously (2 absence presence a single intravenous dose RIF (20 mg/kg), pharmacokinetic parameters compared...
Accurately predicting hepatic clearance is an integral part of the drug-development process, and yet current in vitro to vivo (IVIVE) extrapolation methods yield poor predictions, particularly for highly protein-bound transporter substrates. Explanations error include inaccuracies protein-binding measurements lack recognition protein-facilitated uptake, where both unbound bound drug may be cleared, violating principles widely accepted free theory. A new explanation uptake proposed here,...
The effects of hepatic uptake and efflux transporters on erythromycin (ERY) disposition metabolism were examined by comparing results from rat microsomes, freshly isolated hepatocytes, in vivo studies. Uptake studies carried out hepatocytes showed that ERY its metabolite (<i>N</i>-demethyl-ERY) are substrates Oatp1a4 Oatp1b2. Whereas rifampin GG918 [GF120918: <i>N</i>-{4-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-isoquinolinyl)-ethyl]-phenyl}-9,10-dihydro-5-methoxy-9-oxo-4-acridine carboxamine]...
We describe the third case report of seroconversion with multidrug resistant (MDR)-HIV despite pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil (TDF).Case report.PrEP adherence was assessed via self-report, pharmacy records, measuring TFV/FTC levels liquid-chromatography/tandem-mass-spectrometry in plasma hair. Segmental hair analysis performed to assess PrEP over prior months. Genotypic resistance assessed.A 34 year-old white MSM started daily FTC/TDF...
We examined the relationship between urine tenofovir (TFV) levels measured with a novel immunoassay, which permits point-of-care testing, HIV seroconversion and objective adherence metrics in large preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstration project.
Direct measurement of tenofovir (TFV) in urine could be an objective measure to monitor adherence preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or TFV-based antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Abstract HIV-1 breakthrough on long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) for HIV prevention is rare but could impact viral suppression integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). We report the first study of ART outcomes following CAB-LA during routine clinical care. Three individuals acquired despite on-time injections; two had low-frequency major INSTI-resistance mutations. All started darunavir-based ART; one subsequently switched to bictegravir-based ART....
We assessed the relationship of self-reported adherence versus antiretroviral therapy (ART) concentrations in hair with virologic outcomes among young people living HIV. This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled HIV age 11-24 years, who attended youth clinic Moshi, Tanzania. ART by self-report, drug concentration samples, and plasma HIV-1 RNA measurements. Those failure, defined as more than 400 copies/ml, had genotypic resistance assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were...
This study assessed hair samples to detect fentanyl exposure among people with or at risk of HIV reporting methamphetamine use without intention opioids concomitantly.
Quinacrine (QA), an antimalarial drug used for over seven decades, has been found to have potent antiprion activity in vitro. To determine whether QA can be treat prion diseases, we investigated its metabolism and ability traverse the blood-brain barrier mice. In vitro vivo, identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry major metabolic pathway of as <i>N</i>-desethylation compared our results with authentic reference compound. The human cytochrome (P450) isoforms involved...