To investigate the feasibility of evoking nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) from fore and hind limbs in conscious dogs, score stimulus-associated behavioral responses, assess canine NWR response to suprathreshold stimulations.8 adult Beagles.Surface electromyograms evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation ulnaris digital plantar nerves were recorded deltoideus, cleidobrachialis, biceps femoris, tibialis cranialis muscles. Train-of-five pulses (stimulus(train)) used; threshold (I(t...

The use of Rhesus macaques in vision research is crucial due to their visual system's similarity humans. While invasive techniques have been the norm, there has a shift towards non-invasive methods, such as facemasks and head molds, enhance animal welfare address ethical concerns. We present non-invasive, 3D-printed chinrest with infrared sensors, adapted from canine research, allowing for accurate eye movement measurements voluntary participation experiments. method showed 16% 28% increase...

This study investigated the analgesic activity of tramadol in female C57BL/6J mice by using a single subcutaneous injection (25 mg/kg) combined with same dose given drinking water for 24 h. We then evaluated pharmacokinetics and its active metabolite O-demethyltramadol (M1). To evaluate pain efficacy, we performed clinical behavioral assessment, burrowing tests, analysis measured body weight, food intake that were untreated (control) or underwent analgesia only (T); anesthesia surgery (AS);...

Abstract Objective —To investigate the facilitation of nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) by repeated electrical stimuli and associated behavioral response scores in conscious, nonmedicated dogs as a measure temporal summation analyze influence stimulus intensity frequency on responses. Animals —8 adult Beagles. Procedures —Surface electromyographic responses evoked transcutaneous constant-current stimulation ulnaris digital plantar nerves were recorded from deltoideus, cleidobrachialis,...

By direct deposition of the drug at local site action, injectable depot formulations - intended for treatment a disease or intervention are designed to limit immediate exposure active principle systemic level and reduce frequency administration. To overcome known drawbacks in production some marketed phospholipid-based depots, here we propose manufacture drug-loaded negatively charged liposomes through conventional technologies control their aggregation mixing solution divalent cations prior...

Abstract Objective —To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion ketamine and propofol with inhalation sevoflurane in goats undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Animals —8 Saanen goats. Procedures —Goats were anesthetized twice (1-month interval) following sedation midazolam (0.4 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced via IV administration (3 mg/kg) (1 an (0.03 mg/kg/min) (0.3 100% inspired oxygen (K-P treatment) or (4 (end-expired concentration, 2.3%;...

Twenty great apes (six orangutans, eight chimpanzees and six gorillas) were anaesthetised prior to being transported for undergoing diagnostic interventional procedures. Anaesthesia was induced with a combination of medetomidine ketamine administered intramuscularly through dart syringe. The onset anaesthesia varied among apes: the mean (±sd) time from darting recumbency 12.13 (±1.9), 18.5 (±8.7) 22.2 (±9.2) minutes in chimpanzees, orangutans gorillas, respectively. depth sufficient allow...

Tracheomalacia (TM) is a condition characterized by weak tracheal cartilage and/or muscle, resulting in excessive collapse of the airway newborns. Current treatments including reconstruction, tracheoplasty, endo- and extra-luminal stents have limitations. To address these limitations, this work proposes new strategy wrapping an adhesive hydrogel patch around malacic trachea. Through numerical model, first it was demonstrated that with sufficient mechanical adhesion strength can preserve...

Objective— To describe the use of an endobronchial blocker (EBB) and to perform selective ventilation during pulmonary lobe resection via thoracotomy in a dog report its accidental stapling site. Study Design— Clinical case report. Animal— One female with suspected abscess or neoplasia right caudal lobe. Methods— One‐lung was performed using wire‐guided EBB seal contaminated parenchyma facilitate surgical access. The affected lung resected site closed staples. Results— Lobar successfully,...

During anaesthesia for elective procedures, 2 dogs developed acute airway obstruction caused by herniation of the endotracheal cuff. This is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication especially when minimal monitoring patient leads to late recognition condition. The most typical symptoms are decreased thoracic excursions and tidal volume, absence gas flow through tube, change in capnographic waves morphology increased pressures. In both cases desaturation haemoglobin (measured pulse...

O bjectives : To investigate the influence of different approach angles on amount nucleus pulposus removed during intervertebral disc fenestration in dogs. M ethods Twenty cadavers beagle dogs were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups which was performed using either dorsal, dorsolateral or lateral between 12th thoracic second lumbar spaces. The volume pulposus, weight residual angle working sector measured. ratio to used evaluate efficacy...

The present study aimed to examine the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of racemic ketamine in dogs at low doses. secondary aims were identify associated behavioural effects and propose a infusion rate. was conducted on nine intact male beagles, with each dog undergoing two treatments (BOL INF). For treatment BOL, an intravenous bolus 1 mg/kg administered over 2 min. INF involved initial 0.5 given min, followed by 0.01 mg/kg/min for h. Blood samples collected pharmacokinetic analysis. median...

The cannulation of the cisterna magna in rats for vivo sampling cerebrospinal fluid serves as a valuable model studying delivery new drugs into central nervous system or disease models. It offers advantages repeated without anesthesia-induced bias and using animals their own controls. An established was retrospectively reviewed outcomes it hypothesized that by refining method, i.e. (1) implementing pathophysiological-based anesthesia analgesia, (2) state-of-the-art peri-operative monitoring...

In 8 captive adult chimpanzees of various ages premedicated with oral zuclopenthixol anaesthesia was induced intramuscularly a combination medetomidine and ketamine (40 or 50 µg/kg 5 mg/kg, IM, respectively), without midazolam (0.05 mg/kg), maintained isoflurane in oxygen. At the end procedure, sedation reversed atipamezole (0.25 IM) sarmazenil (0.005 when had been administered. Oral resulted tranquillization whole group only one animal required second dart injection to achieve adequately...