The Arabidopsis CLAVATA3 (CLV3) gene encodes a stem cell-specific protein presumed to be precursor of secreted peptide hormone. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) applied in situ tissues determined the structure modified 12-amino acid (MCLV3), which was derived from conserved motif CLV3 sequence. Synthetic MCLV3 induced shoot and root meristem consumption as cells differentiated into other organs, displaying typical phenotype...

Stomata are composed of a pair guard cells and pore between them, their density positions regulated by developmental environmental signals. In screen in which we overexpressed many genes coding for putative secretory proteins one Arabidopsis, identified gene named STOMAGEN, increases stomatal when overexpressed. The STOMAGEN encodes small peptide with signal sequence at its N-terminus is expressed preferentially mesophyll cells. This belongs to the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) family...

Rare types of glycosylation often occur in a domain-specific manner and are involved specific biological processes. In particular, O-fucose glycans reported to regulate the functions EGF domain-containing proteins such as Notch receptors. course mass spectrometric analysis O-glycans displayed on Drosophila receptors expressed S2 cells, we found an unusual O-linked N-acetylhexosamine (HexNAc) modification which occurs at site distinct from those O-glucose glycosylations. Modification mapping...

A high number of lZ6I-activin-A binding sites (an apparent Kd 260 p~ and 6,600 sites/cell) were observed on MC3T3-El cells, a well characterized osteoblastic cell line.Activin-A has mitogenic effect these with the greatest influence being cells in an undifferentiated state, as suppressive alkaline phosphatase activity.Northern ligand blotting analyses revealed that produce follistatin, which was down-regulated by retinoic acid treatment.Because follistatin is activin-A-binding protein, we...

Dioctatin A (DotA), a metabolite of Streptomyces, is known to be an inhibitor human dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II. Here, it was found that DotA strongly inhibited aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus, with IC50 value 4.0 microM. The mycelial growth the fungus not affected addition at concentration 50 microM, but inhibition conidiation observed same concentration. norsolorinic acid, early biosynthetic intermediate aflatoxin, and reduced mRNA levels genes encoding enzymes,...

Abstract Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox-active o -quinone, is an important nutrient involved in numerous physiological and biochemical processes mammals. Despite such beneficial functions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be established. In present study, using PQQ-immobilized Sepharose beads as probe, we examined presence of protein(s) that are capable binding PQQ mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts identified five cellular proteins, including l -lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in linking pathogen recognition with the induction of innate immunity. They have been implicated pathogenesis chronic inflammatory diseases, representing potential targets for prevention/treatment. Vegetable-rich diets are associated reduced risk several disorders. In present study, based on an extensive screening vegetable extracts TLR-inhibiting activity HEK293 cells co-expressing TLR NF-κB reporter gene, we found cabbage and onion to be richest...

The positioning and density of leaf stomata are regulated by three secretory peptides, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 1 (EPF1), EPF2 stomagen. Several lines published evidence have suggested a regulatory pathway as follows. EPF1 perceived receptor complexes consisting receptor-like protein, TOO MANY MOUTHS (TMM), kinases, ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-LIKE (ERL) ERL2. These receptors activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase module. MAP kinases phosphorylate destabilize the transcription factor...

The endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae is known to produce bioactive metabolites, which consequently protect the host plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. We previously found that overexpression of vibA (a gene for transcription factor) in E. strain E437 resulted secretion an unknown fungicide. In present study, active substance was purified chemically identified as ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), consisted 28-34 lysine units. productivity 3.7-fold compared with wild type E437. isolated ε-PL...

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, mediates oxidative modification of proteins, generating protein carbonyls. However, underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we analyzed EGCG-derived intermediates generated upon incubation with human serum albumin (HSA) and established that EGCG selectively oxidized lysine residues via its deamination activity. In addition, characterized EGCG-oxidized proteins discovered could be an endogenous...

Quinocidin is an actinomycete‐derived natural product with unusual 3,4‐dihydroquinolizinium (DQ) ring, which reacts thiols via a Michael addition‐type reaction. In view of the simple structure and reactivity toward thiols, DQ ring has possibility to become unique electrophile cysteine (Cys) for use in biochemical research. this study, we investigated by evaluating salt amino acids Cys‐containing peptides neutral aqueous media. The results showed that selectively forms adducts free Cys...

Activin acts mitogenically on P19 cells as well being inhibitory of the differentiation retinoic acid-treated and some neuroblastoma cell lines. Here, we show lines evidence that follistatin, an activin-binding protein, is also involved in neural differentiation. Counteracting activity activin, addition follistatin suppresses anchorage-independent growth soft agar stimulates neurite outgrowth a line, IMR-32 cells. While activin does not seem to be expressed significantly, demonstrated...

Abstract The binding isotherms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with cationic detergents, decyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide have been determined at temperatures 8 25 °C for pH 6.8. also 3.0 °C. effect KBr on the to BSA has examined results obtained are as follows. (a) average number detergent cations bound, \barv, increased increase in length hydrocarbon chain, (b) standard free energy changes −ΔG°, calculated from intrinsic...

Plants use many long-distance and systemic signals to modulate growth development, as well respond biotic abiotic stresses. Parasitic nematodes infect host plant roots cause severe damage crop plants. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate parasitic nematode infections are still unknown. Here, we show root-knot (RKNs), Meloidogyne incognita, CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE)-CLV1 signaling module promote infection progression. deficient in CLE pathway enhanced RKN...

Summary Potato antimicrobial sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins lubimin and rishitin have been implicated in resistance to the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans early Alternaria solani . We generated transgenic potato plants which sesquiterpene cyclase, a key enzyme for production of rishitin, is compromised by RNAi investigate role defence. The tubers were deficient exhibited reduced post‐invasive an avirulent isolate P. , resulting successful infection first attacked cells without...

CLAVATA3 (CLV3) is a plant peptide hormone in which the proline residues are post-translationally hydroxylated and glycosylated. CLV3 plays key role controlling stem cell mass shoot meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana. In previous report, we identified dodecapeptide (MCLV3) from CLV3-overexpressing calli; MCLV3 was smallest functional derived precursor. Here, designed series analogs were substituted with derivatives or N-substituted glycines (peptoids). Peptoid substitution at Pro9 decreased...

An acidic polysaccharide, termed gordonan, was isolated from the culture medium of Gordonia sp. as an inducer cell aggregation in insect line, BM-N4. Gordonan had average molecular weight 5×106 and its structure identified →3)-4-O-(1-carboxyethyl)-β-D-Manp-(1→4)-β-D-GlcAp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ mainly by acid hydrolysis experiments NMR analysis. It induces at concentration 4 μg/ml. A partially hydrolyzed polysaccharide derived gordonan with a 5×105 showed weak activity, while any fragment...

Stomatal development in Arabidopsis epidermis is both positively and negatively regulated by a family of Cys-rich peptides, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR LIKEs (EPFLs). We synthesized biologically active synthetic EPFL5 (sEPFL5) peptide, which reduced the number stoma leaves cotyledons. The sEPFL5 possesses three disulfide bonds at positions identical to those positive factor, stomagen. Application had little inhibitory effect on protodermal cells entering stomatal lineage, but did inhibit...

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, a plant parasite, is one of the most serious pests soybean. In this paper, we report that SCN attracted to nitrate and its analogs. We performed attraction assays screen for novel attractants found nitrates were recognized gradients. However, was not observed on agar containing nitrate. To further elucidate mechanism in SCN, using analogs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: text]). all analogs; however, contrast, azuki root, irrespective...

A two-component system (TCS) comprising a histidine kinase (HK) sensor and response regulator (RR) plays important roles in regulating the virulence of many pathogenic bacteria. We used new screening method to isolate novel inhibitor Art1 against bacterial sensory HK from an acetone extract solid cultures Articulospora sp., aquatic hypomycete. inhibited ATP-dependent autophosphorylation recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fusion protein SasA, cyanobacterial HK, with IC50 value 9.5 μg/ml.

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