Abstract Context Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid disease of viral or postviral origin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide and Italy been severely affected by this outbreak. Objectives objective work to report the first case SAT related SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We describe clinical, laboratory, imaging features an 18-year-old woman who came our attention for fever, neck pain radiated jaw,...

Abstract Purpose SARS-COV-2 is a pathogenic agent belonging to the coronavirus family, responsible for current global world pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase involved in Renin-Angiotensin pathway. By analyzing two independent databases, was identified several human tissues including thyroid. Although some cases COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis were recently described, direct proof...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 18 million people worldwide and the pandemic is still spreading. After first case we reported, observed 4 additional cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.The objective this work describe SAT associated with infection alert physicians that may be a manifestation infection.We clinical, biochemical, imaging features patients infection.All were female (age, 29-46 years). developed...

Background: Treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH) in patients with orbitopathy (GO) remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to investigate the outcome GO following glucocorticoids, depending on chosen thyroid treatment. Methods: retrospective cohort included 49 consecutive GH and moderate-to-severe, active GO, as defined by European Group Orbitopathy guidelines. Twenty-four were treated radioactive iodine (RAI) 25 methimazole (MMI). All administered intravenous methylprednisolone....

The development of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor is a main feature autoimmune diseases.To investigate whether complete removal antigens results in the abatement humoral autoimmunity.Retrospective chart review study patients treated monitored with standard prospective protocol.University hospital Pisa, Italy, between 1976 1994.182 differentiated carcinoma serum or TSH due coexistent clinical Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves...

Graves disease, a common organ-specific autoimmune disease affecting humans, differs from all other diseases in being associated with target organ hyperfunction rather than damage. Clinical thyrotoxicosis is directly caused by autoantibodies that activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). The etiology of multifactorial, nongenetic factors playing an important role. Of latter, there intriguing possibility molecular structure antigen contributes to development thyroid-stimulatory (TSAb’s)....

Graves disease, a common organ-specific autoimmune disease affecting humans, differs from all other diseases in being associated with target organ hyperfunction rather than damage. Clinical thyrotoxicosis is directly caused by autoantibodies that activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). The etiology of multifactorial, nongenetic factors playing an important role. Of latter, there intriguing possibility molecular structure antigen contributes to development thyroid-stimulatory (TSAb’s)....

The possible association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a still debated issue. We analyzed the frequency of PTC, TSH levels autoantibodies (TAb) in 13 738 patients (9824 untreated 3914 under l -thyroxine, -T 4 ). Patients with nodular-HT ( n =1593) had high titer TAb and/or hypothyroidism. nodular goiter (NG) were subdivided TAb−NG =8812) undetectable TAb+NG =3395) positive TAb. Among patients, those showed higher PTC (9.4%) compared both (6.4%;...

The ongoing digital revolution in the healthcare sector, emphasized by bodies like US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is paving way for a shift towards person-centric models. These models consider individual needs, turning patients from passive recipients to active participants. A key factor this Artificial Intelligence (AI), which has capacity revolutionize delivery due its ability personalize it. With rise of software proliferation Internet Things (IoT), surge data being produced. This...

Graves disease is directly caused by thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies (TSAb's) that activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). We observed upon flow cytometry using intact cells a mouse mAb (3BD10) recognized TSHR ectodomain with glycosidylphosphatidylinositol (ECD-GPI) anchor approximately tenfold better than same on wild-type TSHR, despite far higher level of expression latter. The 3BD10 epitope contains N-terminal cysteine cluster critical for TSAb action. Consequently, we hypothesized...

According to Rundle's curve, Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) worsens during an initial phase up a peak of maximum severity, then improves and reaches static plateau, with the activity curve preceding severity by few months. To our knowledge, no studies have tried replicate very investigated natural history GO. Here, we studied GO retrospectively identify factors that may affect it.A total 65 patients untreated underwent eye assessment after median seven months appearance 40 The primary endpoints...

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg), the marker of residual tumor in papillary thyroid carcinoma, can be underestimated patients with Tg autoantibodies (TgAb). TgAb are due to a coexistent lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) or carcinoma per se. assays highly discordant.We evaluated 141 clinical diagnosis nodular disease, 32 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and four Graves' who underwent total thyroidectomy for an associated carcinoma. Patients were classified as carcinoma-lymphocytic (PTC-T) (PTC) according presence...

The mechanisms linking thyroid autoimmunity and iodine use in humans are unknown.Our aim was to correlate intake, autoimmunity, recognition of thyroglobulin (Tg) epitopes after implementation prophylaxis.The general community living an Italian village evaluated.Thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb), thyroperoxidase (TPOAb), urinary excretion were assessed 906 iodized salt users (IS-users) 389 nonusers (IS-nonusers). Ultrasound (US) performed identify hypoechogenicity, suggestive Hashimoto...

<h3>Importance</h3> Graves orbitopathy (GO) responds to immunosuppressive treatments when clinically active but poorly inactive. In other autoimmune diseases, response has been ascribed a reduction in lymphocytes infiltrating the target organ. It is not known whether vs inactive GO differs this regard, which would help understanding link between immunologic features and clinical behavior. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate association orbital lymphocytic infiltrate features. <h3>Design,...

Introduction: In the last few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) have become a common treatment of cancer. ICPis are associated with peculiar side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Thyroid disfunction is irAE, but clinical manifestation, severity, and pathogenesis can be variable. While destructive thyroiditis hypothyroidism most thyroid irAEs induced by ICPis, autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) rare. We describe case Graves’ disease anti-PD-1 therapy...

We investigated the interrelationship and influence of thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), TSH-blocking (TSHBAb), radioiodine (131I)-induced thyroid damage in early (within 1 yr) outcome function hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease (GD) treated 131I. TSAb, TSHBAb, ultrasound volume (as an index damage) were simultaneously measured before at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after 131I 31 GD patients. One year radioiodine, 9.7% (Hyper-group), requiring methimazole; 12.9% euthyroid (Eu-group);...

Graves disease is directly caused by thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies (TSAb's) that activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). We observed upon flow cytometry using intact cells a mouse mAb (3BD10) recognized TSHR ectodomain with glycosidylphosphatidylinositol (ECD-GPI) anchor approximately tenfold better than same on wild-type TSHR, despite far higher level of expression latter. The 3BD10 epitope contains N-terminal cysteine cluster critical for TSAb action. Consequently, we hypothesized...

In a previous study, we found that total thyroid ablation (thyroidectomy plus (131)I) is associated with better outcome of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) compared thyroidectomy alone, as observed shortly (9 months) after glucocorticoid (GC) treatment.The objective the study was to evaluate GO in same patients over longer period time.This follow-up randomized study.The conducted at referral center.Fifty-two 60 original mild moderate participated study.Patients into (TX) or and treated GC were...

Background: A recent clinical trial has shown a beneficial effect of the antioxidant agent selenium in Graves' orbitopathy (GO). In order to shed light on cellular mechanisms which may act, this study investigated its effects cultured orbital fibroblasts. Methods: Primary cultures fibroblasts from six GO patients and control subjects were established. Cells treated with H2O2 induce oxidative stress, after pre-incubation selenium-(methyl)selenocysteine (SeMCys). The following assays...

Intravenous glucocorticoid (i.v.GC) pulse therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) can be associated with acute liver damage (ALD), which was roughly estimated to occur in ∼1% of patients, an overall mortality 0.4%. The aim this study evaluate the frequency ALD after introduction a series exclusion criteria and preventive measures.Retrospective evaluation all consecutive patients candidate i.v.GC over period 5 years.The includes 376 GO i.v.GC. Several tests were performed before, during, To...

Clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules indeterminate at fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is still unsettled.Our objective was to establish the clinical outcome and identify features associated malignancy.This a retrospective evaluation 1520 consecutive among 100 065 who underwent FNA between January 2000 December 2010.Of patients, 371 (24.4 %) had cancer histology, follicular variant papillary being most frequent histotype, 342 were free disease after thyroidectomy (131)I...