A5066181905- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
- Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Biochemical effects in animals
- Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Enzyme-mediated dye degradation
- Electron Spin Resonance Studies
- Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
- Insect behavior and control techniques
- Risk and Portfolio Optimization
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
University of Toronto
2018-2023
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
2015-2018
New York University
2011-2016
Medical Research Council
2005-2012
MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
2005-2012
Wellcome Trust
2007-2010
Hospital for Sick Children
2005
University of Cambridge
2005
MRC Human Nutrition Research
2005
McMaster University
2001
Cysteine plays a number of important roles in protecting the cell from oxidative damage through its thiol functional group. These defensive functions are generally considered to be carried out by low molecular weight glutathione and cysteine residues active sites proteins such as thioredoxin peroxiredoxin. In addition, there thiols exposed on protein surfaces that not directly involved with function, although they can interact intracellular environment. present study, subcellular fractions...
Nitric oxide (NO(*)) competitively inhibits oxygen consumption by mitochondria at cytochrome c oxidase and S-nitrosates thiol proteins. We developed mitochondria-targeted S-nitrosothiols (MitoSNOs) that selectively modulate protect mitochondrial function. The exemplar MitoSNO1, produced covalently linking an S-nitrosothiol to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation, was rapidly extensively accumulated within mitochondria, driven membrane potential, where it generated NO(*) S-nitrosated...
Complex I has reactive thiols on its surface that interact with the mitochondrial glutathione pool and are implicated in oxidative damage many pathologies. However, Cys residues thiol modifications involved not known. Here we investigate complex modification within oxidatively stressed mammalian mitochondria, containing physiological levels of glutaredoxin 2. In mitochondria incubated oxidant diamide, is only glutathionylated 75-kDa subunit. Of 17 subunit, 6 iron-sulfur centers, making them...
The S-nitrosation of mitochondrial proteins as a consequence NO metabolism is physiological and pathological significance. We previously developed MitoSNO (mitochondria-targeted S-nitrosothiol) that selectively S-nitrosates proteins. To identify these S-nitrosated proteins, here we have selective proteomic methodology, SNO-DIGE (S-nitrosothiol difference in gel electrophoresis). Protein thiols control MitoSNO-treated samples were blocked, then incubated with copper(II) ascorbate to reduce...
Germ granules are non-membranous ribonucleoprotein deemed the hubs for post-transcriptional gene regulation and functionally linked to germ cell fate across species. Little is known about physical properties of how these relate function. Here we study two types in Drosophila embryo: cytoplasmic that instruct primordial cells (PGCs) formation nuclear within early PGCs with unknown We show phase transitioned condensates nucleated by Oskar protein display liquid as well hydrogel-like...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the mitochondrial respiratory chain can be a redox signal, but whether they affect function is unclear. Here we show that low levels of ROS from under physiological conditions reversibly modify thiol state proteins involved in fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. As these modifications were specific occurred without bulk changes, first had to develop sensitive technique identify small number modified endogenous ROS. In this technique, difference...
Reactive oxygen species are byproducts of mitochondrial respiration and thus potential regulators function. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) inhibits the pyruvate complex, thereby regulating entry carbohydrates into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here we show that PDHK2 activity is inhibited by low levels hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated respiratory chain. This occurs via reversible oxidation cysteine residues 45 392 on results in increased complex activity. H2O2 derives from...
Curly, described almost a century ago, is one of the most frequently used markers in Drosophila genetics. Despite this molecular identity Curly has remained obscure. Here we show that mutations arise gene dual oxidase (duox), which encodes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating NADPH oxidase. Using and RNA interference (RNAi), demonstrate Duox autonomously stabilizes wing on last day pupal development. Through genetic suppression studies, identify novel heme peroxidase, Su (Cysu) acts with...
Actinobacteria produce antibacterial and antifungal specialized metabolites. Many insects harbour actinobacteria on their bodies or in nests use these metabolites for protection. However, some that are toxic to the evolutionary relevance of this toxicity is unknown. Here we explore chemical interactions between streptomycetes fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We find many have potent larvicidal effects against fly; larvae ingest spores species die. The mechanism specific bacterium's...
Ribonucleo-protein granules (mRNP granules) are thought to contribute the control of neuronal mRNA translation required for consolidation long-term memories. Consistent with this, function Ataxin-2 in granule assembly has been shown be olfactory habituation (LTH) Drosophila, a form non-associative memory. Knockdown either local interneurons (LNs) or projection neurons (PNs) insect antennal lobe disrupts LTH, leading model which Ataxin-dependent translational is both presynaptic and...
Article23 March 2022Open Access Source DataTransparent process Macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics and tissue invasion are boosted by an Atossa-Porthos axis in Drosophila Shamsi Emtenani orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-6938 Institute of Science Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft Search for more papers this author Elliot T Martin Department Biological Sciences, RNA Institute,...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is prone to the accumulation of mutations. To prevent harmful mtDNA mutations from being passed on next generation, female germline, through which exclusively inherited, has evolved extensive quality control. dissect molecular underpinnings this process, we recently performed a large RNAi screen in Drosophila and uncovered programmed germline mitophagy (PGM) that essential for We found PGM begins as germ cells enter meiosis, induced, at least part, by inhibition...