Abstract Three-dimensional cell and organoid cultures rely on the mechanical support of viscoelastic matrices. However, commonly used matrix materials lack control over key cell-instructive properties. Here we report fully synthetic hydrogels based DNA libraries that self-assemble with ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers, forming a dynamic DNA-crosslinked (DyNAtrix). DyNAtrix enables computationally predictable systematic its viscoelasticity, thermodynamic kinetic parameters by changing...

Exosomes are emerging as ideal drug delivery vehicles due to their biological origin and ability transfer cargo between cells. However, rapid clearance of exogenous exosomes from the circulation well aggregation shedding surface proteins during storage limit clinical translation. Here, we demonstrate highly controlled reversible functionalization exosome surfaces with well-defined polymers that modulate exosome’s physiochemical pharmacokinetic properties. Using cholesterol-modified DNA...

Abstract Defects in cellular protein/enzyme encoding or even organelles are responsible for many diseases. For instance, dysfunctional lysosome macrophage activity results the unwanted accumulation of biomolecules and pathogens implicated autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic disorders. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a medical treatment that replaces an enzyme deficient absent body but suffers from short lifetime enzymes. Here, this work proposes fabrication two different...

Nanocatalytic medicine for treating cancer requires effective, versatile and novel tools approaches to significantly improve the therapeutic efficiency interactions of (non-)enzymatic reactions. However, it is necessary develop nanotechnologies capable selectively killing tumour cells without harming normal cells. Their characteristics should be adaption tumours' extra- intracellular environment being specifically active. To contribute this common goal, we propose use pH- redox-responsive...

Abstract Understanding the diffusion of nanoparticles through permeable membranes in cell mimics paves way for construction more sophisticated synthetic protocells with control over exchange or biomacromolecules between different compartments. Nanoparticles postloading by swollen pH switchable polymersomes is investigated and locations at within polymersome membrane lumen are precisely determined. Validation transmembrane properties performed based on origin—gold, glycopolymer protein...

Abstract Temporal activation of biological processes by visible light and subsequent return to an inactive state in the absence is essential characteristic photoreceptor cells. Inspired these phenomena, light‐responsive materials are very attractive due high spatiotemporal control irradiation, with being able precisely orchestrate repeatedly over many cycles. Herein, it reported that light‐driven proton transfer triggered a merocyanine‐based photoacid can be used modulate permeability...

Liver fibrosis affects millions of people worldwide and is rising vastly over the past decades. With no viable therapies available, liver transplantation only curative treatment for advanced diseased patients. Excessive accumulation aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mostly collagens, produced by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a hallmark fibrosis. Several studies have suggested an inverse correlation between collagen-I degrading metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) serum levels...

The development of compartments for the design cascade reactions in a local space requires selective spatiotemporal control. combination enzyme-loaded polymersomes with enzymelike units shows great potential further refining diffusion barrier and type nanoreactors. Herein, pH-responsive ferrocene-containing block copolymers were synthesized to realize pH-stable multiresponsive polymersomes. Permeable membrane, peroxidase-like behavior induced by redox-responsive ferrocene moieties release...

In the context of diligent efforts to improve tumor targeting efficiency drug carriers, a shape‐persistent polymersome which possess pH‐tunable membrane as well folate antennae is reported. The such polymersomes behaves gate undergoes “on” and “off” switches in response pH stimuli. Thus, can effectively prohibit premature release chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin physiological conditions, but promote once they are triggered acidified endosomal compartment. Importantly, moieties installed...

Abstract The eukaryotic cell is a smart compartment containing an outer permeable membrane, cytoskeleton, and functional organelles, presenting part structures for life. integration of membrane‐containing artificial organelles (=polymersomes) into large microcompartment key step towards the establishment exquisite cellular biomimetics with different membrane properties. Herein, efficient way to construct hierarchical multicompartment composed hydrogel‐filled proteinosome hybrid structure...

Structures and functions of eukaryotic cells with an outer permeable membrane, a cytoskeleton, functional organelles, motility can be mimicked by giant multicompartment protocells containing various synthetic organelles. Herein, two kinds artificial organelles stimuli-triggered regulation ability, glucose oxidase-(GOx)-loaded pH-responsive polymersomes A (GOx-Psomes A) urease-loaded B (Urease-Psomes B), pH-sensor (Dextran-FITC) are encapsulated into proteinosomes via the Pickering emulsion...

Glycopolymers are promising materials in the field of biomedical applications and fabrication supramolecular structures with specific functions. For tunable design structures, glycopolymer architectures properties (e.g., controlled self-assembly) needed. Using concept dendronized polymers, a series H-bond active giant glycomacromolecules maleimide backbone lysine dendrons different generations were synthesized. They possess macromolecular size functionality along backbone. Their peripheral...

The stimuli-triggered regulating ability is a basic characteristic of biological systems, and it always cyclic in nature. To mimic this regulation process for the construction artificial cellular structures functions challenge. Here, we present development organelles system (AOS) with stimuli-trigged consisting coexisting glucose oxidase-(GOx)-loaded pH-responsive polymersomes A (GOx-Psomes A) urease-loaded B (Urease-Psomes B) orthogonal-responsive membranes. addition chemical fuels triggers...

Protein-polymer conjugates combine properties of biopolymers and synthetic polymers, such as specific bioactivity increased stability, with great benefits for various applications from catalysis to biomedicine. Furthermore, polymer conjugation can mimic important posttranslational modifications proteins glycosylation. There are typically two approaches create protein-polymer conjugates: the protein is functionalized in advance an initiator a

A novel approach for the integration of π-conjugated polymers (CPs) into DNA-based nanostructures is presented. Using controlled Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation, well-defined thiophene-based with controllable molecular weight, specific end groups, and water-soluble oligoethylene glycol-based side chains were synthesized. The groups used easy but highly efficient click chemistry-based attachment end-functionalized oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) predesigned sequences. As demonstrated...

Biohybrid structures formed by noncovalent interaction between avidin as a bridging unit and biotinylated glycodendrimers based on poly(propyleneimine) (GD-B) have potential for biomedical application. Therefore, an exact knowledge about molar mass, dispersity, size, shape, molecular structure is required. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) was applied to separate pure assembled macromolecules according their diffusion coefficients. The complex biohybrid consist of single...

The dinuclear zirconocene chloride complex <bold>1</bold> is a highly active precatalyst for the dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane.

Even the most advanced protein–polymer conjugate therapeutics do not eliminate antibody–protein and receptor–protein recognition. Next-generation bioconjugate drugs will need to replace stochastic selection with rational design select desirable levels of protein–protein interaction while retaining function. The "Holy Grail" for would be generate functional enzymes that are fully catalytic small molecule substrates eliminating between protein surface larger molecules. Using chymotrypsin, an...

The challenge of effective integration and use artificial organelles with orthogonal-responsive membranes their communication in eukaryotic protocells is to understand the intrinsic membrane characteristics. Here, a novel photo-crosslinked pH-responsive polymersome (Psome B) 2-(N,N'-diisopropylamino)ethyl units its respective Avidin-Psome B hybrids, are reported as good candidates for organelles. Biotinylated (macro)molecules able dock diffuse into carry out biological activity pH-...

Most sophisticated biological functions and features of cells are based on self-organization, the coordination connection between their cell organelles determines key functions. Therefore, spatially ordered controllable self-assembly polymersomes to construct clusters simulate complex intracellular has attracted widespread attention. Here, we present a simple one-step copper-free click strategy cross-link nanoscale pH-responsive photo-cross-linked (less than 100 nm) micron-level (more 90% in...

Photodynamic therapy is one of the best alternatives to chemo-, radio- or surgical therapy, as it noninvasive and causes no severe side effects. The mechanism photodynamic involves activation drug (photosensitizer) with light appropriate wavelength, which combined molecular oxygen, leads production reactive oxygen species. This starts a cascade reactions leading cell death. Thus, efficiency this based mainly on properties photosensitizer, including singlet yield accumulation in tumor area....