Summary The fungus C olletotrichum gloeosporioides breaches the fruit cuticle but remains quiescent until ripening signals a switch to necrotrophy, culminating in devastating anthracnose disease. There is need understand distinct fungal arms strategy and simultaneous response. Transcriptome analysis of fungal–fruit interactions was carried out concurrently appressoria, necrotrophic stages. Conidia germinating on unripe showed stage‐specific transcription that accompanied by massive defense...

Fruit pathogens can contribute to the acidification or alkalinization of host environment. This capability has been used divide fungal into acidifying and/or alkalinizing classes. Here, we show that diverse classes pathogens-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus nidulans and Fusarium oxysporum-secrete small pH-affecting molecules. These molecules modify environmental pH, which dictates acidic alkaline colonizing strategies, induce expression PACC-dependent genes....

Summary We studied disease progression of, and host responses to, four species in the Metarhizium anisopliae complex expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). compared development determined their relative levels of virulence against two susceptible arthropods, cattle tick Rhipicephalus annulatus lepidopteran Galleria mellonella , resistant ticks, Hyalomma excavatum sanguineus . brunneum Ma7 caused greatest mortality R. robertsii ARSEF 2575 pingshaense PPRC51 exhibited intermediate...

A new approach for single cell microencapsulation in an oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsion is presented. The water/paraffin emulsions were stabilized by amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles. droplet size of the was highly tunable, and ranged from 1 to 30 μm diameter. controllable along with high colloidal stability emulsionswas harnessed obtain microencapsulation. Successful encapsulation conidia entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum studied confirmed via confocal laser...

Abstract Plant pathogens and pests pose an increasing threat to worldwide food security. To improve strengthen security under increasingly difficult environmental, economic, geopolitical conditions, the prospect of using microbial biocontrol agents becomes desirable. One most studied, commercially used, biopesticide microorganisms is entomopathogenic, gram-positive, soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). While Bt has been known for many years as insecticidal microorganism used...

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) species differ in their capability to withstand rapid desiccation (RD). Infective juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae are a better adaptable and tolerant than feltiae or Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as, an optimal RH > 90% is required by S. H. while maintaining equivalent 74% could sustain survival under RD. Our findings from infectivity suggest that following application, shrunk IJs acquired passively the larvae, probably rehydrate resume infection within...

The red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) inflicts widespread damage in date plantations and urban settings, leading to stand loss safety concerns, intensified by the economic ecological burdens of synthetic preventive treatments. A novel approach emphasizes detecting weevil-infested palms through sensors targeting control efforts at colonized trees. This study analyzes two datasets: field manager-reported results from settings with pest versus seismic sensor-monitored units. Sensor...

ABSTRACT The present study describes an accurate quantitative method for quantifying the adherence of conidia to arthropod cuticle and dynamics conidial germination on host. was developed using Metarhizium anisopliae var. (Metschn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) engorged Rhipicephalus annulatus (Say) (Arachnida: Ixodidae) females also verified M. acridum Driver et Milner Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. This novel is based organic solvent...

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective biocontrol agents against arthropod pests. However, their efficacy is limited due to sensitivity environmental extremes. The objective of the present study was establish a foundation genetic-based selection tools for beneficial traits heat and desiccation tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes. Screening natural populations enabled us create diverse genetic phenotypic pool. Gene expression patterns genomic variation were studied isolates....

The larvae of black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens L., possess versatile bioconversion capabilities and offer a nutrient-rich biomass. Here we review the microbiota associated with BSF in an attempt to raise attention key points suggest future perspectives. main include current knowledge regarding abilities larvae; nutrient composition variation depending on its feed; natural antibiotic properties focus antimicrobial peptides; role gut pathogen elimination; versatility functional...

Gene expression regulation by pH in filamentous fungi and yeasts is controlled the PACC/RIM101 transcription factor. In Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, PACC known to act as positive regulator of alkaline-expressed genes, this was shown contribute fungal pathogenicity. also a negative acid-expressed however; mechanism downregulation genes their contribution C. gloeosporioides pathogenicity not well understood. RNA sequencing data analysis employed demonstrate that factor binding sites (TFBS)...

Metarhizium brunneum is a generalist entomopathogenic fungus known to be virulent against Acari. We investigated brunneum-7 (Mb7) interactions in three systems of phytophagous mites and their respective plant hosts: Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana) the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora; common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) two-spotted spider Tetranychus urticae; spring onion (Allium cepa) bulb Rhizoglyphus robini. All species were susceptible directly applied Mb7 conidia. Results...

Growing global population and environmental concerns necessitate the transition from chemical to eco-friendly pest management. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are rising candidates for this task due their ease of growing, broad host range unique disease process, allowing EPF infect hosts directly through its cuticle. However, EPF’s requirement high humidity negates integration into conventional agriculture. To mitigate problem, we formulated Metarhizium brunneum conidia in an oil-in-water...

Biocontrol agents can control pathogens by reenforcing systemic plant resistance through acquired (SAR) or induced (ISR). Trichoderma spp. activate the immune system ISR, priming molecular mechanisms of defense against pathogens. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) infect a wide range arthropod pests and play an important role in reducing pests' population. Here, we investigated which EPF diseases. We tested two well studied EPF, Metarhizium brunneum isolate Mb7 Beauveria bassiana as commercial...

Abstract BACKGROUND Intensive application of chemical insecticides is required for aphid pest control. Among the biorational alternatives, entomopathogenic fungi are most sustainable biocontrol agents; those order Hypocreales attack and cause fungal disease in arthropod hosts, with variations host susceptibility attributed to both characteristics. We evaluated inter‐ intraspecies Metarhizium spp. virulence differences progression on adult nymph stages green peach aphid, Myzus persicae...