Pluripotent stem cells are increasingly used to build therapeutic models, including the transplantation of neural progenitors derived from human embryonic (hESCs). Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), delta-like homolog 1 gene and type III iodothyronine deiodinase (DLK1-DIO3) imprinted locus-derived maternally expressed 3 (MEG3), were found be during development. The deregulation these lncRNAs is associated with various neurological diseases. locus DLK1-DIO3 encodes abundant (ncRNAs)...

Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end-stage cirrhosis and fulminant liver failure, but lack of available donor livers a major obstacle to transplantation. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from reprogramming somatic fibroblasts, have been shown resemble embryonic (ES) in that they properties potential differentiate into all cell lineages vitro, including hepatocytes. Thus, iPSCs could serve as favorable source wide range applications, drug...

Pompe disease is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) gene, which encodes GAA. Although enzyme replacement therapy has recently improved patient survival greatly, results skeletal muscles and for advanced are still not satisfactory. Here, we report derivation of disease-induced pluripotent stem cells (PomD-iPSCs) from two patients with different GAA their potential pathogenesis modeling, drug testing marker identification. PomD-iPSCs maintained features...

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to establish human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, identify the differences when maintained in serum-containing versus serum-free medium and test their potential of vitro differentiation. METHODS: Procedures including immunosurgery were performed on 11 donated blastocysts hESC lines. The lines characterized using either or media compare morphology, Oct-4 expression, apoptosis growth speed. Differentiation these evaluated by morphology expression genes...

Recent studies indicate that neonatal spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) possess pluripotency. However, the mechanisms regulate pluripotent differentiation capacity of SSCs remain unclear. Here, we describe a new method to clonally derive from mouse testis. By coculturing with testicular stromal cells, can be maintained and expanded in serum-free conditions. Unlike endogenous SSCs, these vitro showed strong alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity displayed characteristics embryonic primordial germ...

Trans -splicing is a post-transcriptional event that joins exons from separate pre-mRNAs. Detection of trans usually severely hampered by experimental artifacts and genetic rearrangements. Here, we develop new computational pipeline, TSscan, which integrates different types high-throughput long-/short-read transcriptome sequencing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines to effectively minimize false positives while detecting -splicing. Combining TSscan screening with multiple validation steps...

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that highly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and its role maintenance of pluripotency has been suggested previously. In epithelial cancer cells, activation the EpCAM surface-to-nucleus signaling transduction pathway involves number membrane proteins. However, their somatic reprogramming still unknown. Here we demonstrate associated protein, Cldn7, play critical reprogramming. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis Oct4,...

ESCs are important as research subjects since the mechanisms underlying cellular differentiation, expansion, and self-renewal can be studied along with differentiated tissue development regeneration in vitro. Furthermore, human hold promise for cell replacement approaches to treating diseases. The rhesus monkey is a clinically relevant primate model that will likely required bring these clinical applications fruition. Monkey share number of properties ESCs, their derivation use not affected...

To investigate the genetic relationships between field strains of iridoviruses gathered from various fish species in Taiwan, viruses that were collected 2001 to 2009 analyzed. Open reading frames encoding viral major capsid protein (MCP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Our results indicated Taiwan aquaculture fishes could be classified into two groups: prior 2005, closely related members genus Ranavirus; after they similar Megalocytivirus. Based on...

The LIM homeobox 2 transcription factor Lhx2 is known to control crucial aspects of neural development in various species. However, its function human still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that LHX2 plays a critical role differentiation, using embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as model. In hESC-derived progenitors (hESC-NPs), was found be expressed before PAX6, and co-expressed with early markers. Conditional ectopic expression promoted whereas disruption hESCs significantly impaired...

Significance The somatosensory barrels are a unique feature of the rodent cortex. Each barrel represents functional unit in which clustered innervation from an individual whisker connects with ring cortical neurons. This study reports that when single transcription factor, LIM homeobox 2, is deleted specifically cortex, neither cores nor walls able to form, although rudimentary mapping does occur. Understanding how form will shed light on neurocircuitry assembled its final stages, and this...

ABSTRACT We detected the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in four Salmonella serovars isolated from humans and animals with diarrhea. The was carried on different plasmids. One -carrying conjugative plasmid, a variant of pHNSHP45, disseminated among isolates recovered humans, pigs, chickens.

We collected 110 Salmonella enterica isolates from sick pigs and determined their serotypes, genotypes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials compared the data with a collection of 18,280 obtained humans. The pig fell into common serovars for human salmonellosis in Taiwan; S. Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Derby, Livingstone, Schwarzengrund were 5 most accounted total 84% collection. Of isolates, 106 (96%) multidrug resistant (MDR) 48...

This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from dogs with a presumptive diagnosis urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine samples 201 UTI diagnosed through clinical examination and urinalysis were processed for isolation coli. Colonies pure cultures identified by biochemical reactions (n=114) tested susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials. The two most frequent antimicrobials showing in Urinary E. oxytetracycline ampicillin. Among resistant isolates, 17...

Protein deubiquitination contributes to cortical development, and its dysregulation is linked intellectual disability.

The POU (Pit-Oct-Unc)-domain transcription factor, Oct-4, has become a useful marker of pluripotency in the mouse. It is found exclusively mouse preimplantation-stage embryos after embryonic genome activation and characteristic stem (ES) cells, its absence knockout mice precludes inner cell mass (ICM) formation blastocysts. Expression Oct-4 also been associated with primate cells. Here, we undertook systematic study expression rhesus macaque preimplantation produced by intracytoplasmic sperm...

Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of interphase nuclei cleavage stage human embryos has highlighted a high incidence postzygotic chromosomal mosaicism, including both aneuploid and ploidy mosaicism. Indeed, some appear to have chaotic complement majority nuclei, suggesting that cell cycle checkpoints may not operate early cleavage. Most these studies, however, only analysed limited number chromosomes (3–5), making it difficult distinguish FISH artefacts from true...

The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation underlying human primordial germ cell (PGC) differentiation are largely unknown. repressor Prdm1/Blimp-1 is known to play a critical role in controlling specification mice. Here, we show that PRDM1 expressed developing gonads and contributes the determination germline versus neural fate early development. We knockdown embryonic stem cells (hESCs) impairs potential upregulates genes. Conversely, ectopic expression hESCs promotes generation exhibit...

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) generally respond well to chemotherapy, but that express low levels of the transcription factor OCT4 are associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. Hypoxia is known induce drug resistance in TGCTs; however, mechanistic basis for reduced expression unclear. Here we show hypoxia reduces increases embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells cisplatin bleomycin. Furthermore, loss under can be triggered by sumoylation, which was regulated SUMO1 peptidase SENP1....

Early human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural populations consist of various progenitors (ENPs) with broad developmental propensity. Here, we sought to directly convert somatic cells into ENP-like phenotypes using hESC-ENP-enriched transcription factors (TFs). We demonstrated that induced ENP could be efficiently converted from fibroblasts two TF combinations. The iENPs exhibit cellular and molecular characteristics resembling hESC-ENPs can give rise astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,...

Spinocerebellar ataxias 2 and 3 (SCA2 SCA3) are dominantly inherited neurodegenerative diseases caused by expansion of polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeats in the affected genes. The etiology these disorders is known to involve widespread loss neuronal cells cerebellum, however, mechanisms that contribute cell death still elusive. Here we established SCA2 SCA3 induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) demonstrated SCA-associated pathological features can be recapitulated SCA-iPSC-derived neurons....

Despite great advancement in genetic typing, phenotyping is still an indispensable tool for categorization of bacteria. Certain amino acids may be essential bacterial survival, growth, pathogenicity or toxin production, which prompts the idea that intrinsic ability to utilize single acid under live-or-die situation could a basis differentiation bacteria species. In this study, we determined consumption profiles 7 species, and demonstrated most have species-specific pattern consumption. We...