A5085642171- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Technology Assessment and Management
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Space exploration and regulation
- Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Global Maternal and Child Health
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1991-2019
Johnson Space Center
2010-2019
University of Cincinnati
2016
Biomedical Research Institute
1990-2005
Wyle (United States)
2001
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
1997
Albany Medical Center Hospital
1997
Los Alamitos Medical Center
1995
Texas Biomedical Research Institute
1994
National Space Biomedical Research Institute
1989-1993
To understand the health impact of long-duration spaceflight, one identical twin astronaut was monitored before, during, and after a 1-year mission onboard International Space Station; his served as genetically matched ground control. Longitudinal assessments identified spaceflight-specific changes, including decreased body mass, telomere elongation, genome instability, carotid artery distension increased intima-media thickness, altered ocular structure, transcriptional metabolic DNA...
Spaceflight is associated with decreased orthostatic tolerance after landing. Short-duration spaceflight (4–5 days) impairs one neural mechanism: the carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex. To understand effects of longer-duration on baroreflex function, we measured R-R interval power spectra, antecubital vein plasma catecholamine levels, reflex responses, responses to Valsalva maneuvers, and in 16 astronauts before shuttle missions lasting 8–14 days. We found following changes between...
Orthostatic intolerance is a predictable but poorly understood consequence of space travel. Because arterial baroreceptors modulate abrupt pressure transients, we tested the hypothesis that spaceflight impairs baroreflex mechanisms. We studied vagally mediated carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses (provoked by neck changes) in supine position and heart rate blood standing positions 16 astronauts before after 4- to 5-day Space Shuttle missions. On landing day, resting R-R intervals...
Spaceflight causes adaptive changes in cardiovascular physiology, such as postflight orthostatic intolerance, that can have deleterious effects on astronauts. In-flight data are difficult to obtain, and results been inconsistent. To determine normative in-flight Shuttle astronauts, we measured heart rate, arterial pressure, cardiac rhythm disturbances for 24-h periods before, during, after spaceflight astronauts performing their normal routines. We found diastolic variability of rate...
This experiment represents the first time that it has been possible to measure a body fluid compartment by direct means during spaceflight. Based on results observed in five crewmen this study, is concluded TBW decreases 3.4% after 1 3 days of exposure microgravity Space Shuttle. Some individuals appear undergo decrease within 24 hours. effect may be enhanced decreased water intake due nausea associated with SMS.
Spaceflight induces a cephalad redistribution of fluid volume and blood flow within the human body, space motion sickness, which is problem during first few days spaceflight, could be related to these changes in status cerebrum vestibular system. To evaluate possible cerebral simulated weightlessness, we measured velocity middle artery (MCA) along with retinal vascular diameters, intraocular pressure, impedance cardiography, sphygmomanometry on nine men (26.2 +/- 6.6 yr) morning evening for...
This paper deals with the short-term response of human cardiovascular system to orthostatic stresses in context developing a mathematical model overall system. It discusses physiological issues involved and how these have been handled published models for simulation response. Most are stimulus specific no demonstrated capability simulating responses stimuli different types. A comprehensive incorporating all known phenomena related regulation would greatly help interpret various consistent...
As NASA designs space flights requiring prolonged periods of weightlessness for a broader segment the population, it will be important to know acute and sustained effects on cardiovascular system since this information contribute understanding clinical pharmacology drugs administered in space. Due operational constraints flights, earliest have not been documented. We examined hemodynamic responses humans transitions from acceleration during parabolic flight NASA's KC‐135 aircraft. Impedance...
Future long-duration spaceflights are now being planned to the Moon and Mars as a part of "Vision for Space Exploration" program initiated by NASA in 2004. This report describes design reference missions International Station, Lunar Base, eventually Expedition. There is need develop more stringent preflight medical screening crewmembers minimize risk factors diseases which cannot be effectively treated flight. Since funding space life sciences research development has been eliminated fund...
During early spaceflights, many crewmembers did not meet their caloric requirements and consequently lost body mass during flight, as assessed by a decrease in postflight mass. Maintaining spaceflight is crucial for maintaining crew health monitoring thus important to medical operations well being key component of human research. Determining becomes difficult microgravity environment.We report data from two measurement devices on the International Space Station (ISS): Russian measuring...
Purpose. Peer crowds are macro-level subcultures that share similarities across geographic areas. Over the past decade, dozens of studies have explored association between adolescent peer and risk behaviors, how they can inform public health efforts. However, despite interest, researchers not yet reported on crowd size levels from a representative sample, making it difficult for practitioners to apply science interventions. The current study reports findings first statewide sample...
Plasma catecholamine levels and cardiovascular responses to standing were determined in astronauts before after several Space Shuttle missions. Blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output measured blood samples for analyses drawn at the end of supine periods. Supine plasma norepinephrine epinephrine concentrations increased 34 65%, respectively, on landing day compared with flight. Standing resulted a 65 91% increase epinephrine, respectively. remained elevated 3 days while returned preflight...
To determine the effect of cardiac denervation on development a training-induced decrease in heart rate at rest and during submaximal exercise, six cardiac-denervated (CD) sham-operated (SO) dogs were exercise trained by means 6-wk treadmill running program. Gastrocnemius citrate synthase activity increased significantly to same degree CD SO indicating that both groups equally trained. Resting rates (RHR) for decreased from 64 +/- 4.8 51 3.2 beats/min (mean SE) pre- posttraining. showed no...
Tanzania has a maternal mortality ratio of 556 per 100,000 live births, representing 21% all deaths women reproductive age. Hemorrhage, mostly postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), is estimated to cause at least 25% in Tanzania. In 2008, the Ministry Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children launched interventions improve efforts prevent PPH. Competency-based training for skilled birth attendants ongoing quality improvement prioritized practice active management third stage labor...
Abstract The United States first sent humans into space during six flights of Project Mercury from May 1961 to 1963. These were brief, with durations ranging about 15 min just over 34 h. A primary purpose the project was determine if could perform meaningful tasks while in space. This supported by a series biomedical measurements on each astronaut before, (when feasible), and after flight document effects exposure spaceflight environment. While almost all data presented here have been...
Pilots and astronauts experience fluid shifts in variable gravity. Acute effects of on the cardiovascular system were monitored NASA's KC-135 aircraft during parabolic flight. The variability R-R intervals electrocardiogram was measured as an indication vagal cardiac neural activity. gravity transition from 2-G to 0-G produced by flight assess involvement autonomic nervous regulating acute shifts. In seven subjects, a BoMed noninvasive continuous output monitor (NCCOM 3) thoracic index (TFI,...