A5022200003- Spaceflight effects on biology
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Occupational Health and Performance
- Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Corneal surgery and disorders
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Muscle and Compartmental Disorders
- Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Sports Performance and Training
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Pregnancy-related medical research
- Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
Johnson Space Center
2016-2025
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2020-2024
Texas A&M University
2009-2023
KBR (United States)
2019-2023
University of California, San Diego
2006-2022
Wyle (United States)
2006-2022
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
2021
Linköping University
2013-2018
University of California San Diego Medical Center
2003-2017
UC San Diego Health System
2015-2017
To understand the health impact of long-duration spaceflight, one identical twin astronaut was monitored before, during, and after a 1-year mission onboard International Space Station; his served as genetically matched ground control. Longitudinal assessments identified spaceflight-specific changes, including decreased body mass, telomere elongation, genome instability, carotid artery distension increased intima-media thickness, altered ocular structure, transcriptional metabolic DNA...
<h3>Importance</h3> Exposure to a weightless environment during spaceflight results in chronic headward blood and tissue fluid shift compared with the upright posture on Earth, unknown consequences cerebral venous outflow. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess internal jugular vein (IJV) flow morphology investigate if lower body negative pressure is associated reversing experienced spaceflight. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This prospective cohort study included 11 International Space...
Both chronic microgravity exposure and long-duration bed rest induce cardiac atrophy, which leads to reduced standing stroke volume orthostatic intolerance. However, despite the fact that women appear be more susceptible postspaceflight presyncope hypotension than male astronauts, most previous high-resolution studies of morphology following have been performed only in men. Because female athletes less physiological hypertrophy athletes, we reasoned they also might altered atrophy after...
<h3>Importance</h3> Optic disc edema develops in astronauts during long-duration spaceflight and is a risk for all future spaceflight. Having ground-based analogue of weightlessness that reproduces critical features spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome will facilitate understanding, preventing, and/or treating this syndrome. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether the ocular changes individuals exposed to an are similar duration comparable weightlessness. <h3>Design, Setting,...
Background Astronauts on long-duration spaceflight missions may develop changes in ocular structure and function, which can persist for years after the return to normal gravity. Chronic exposure elevated intracranial pressure during is hypothesized be a contributing factor, however, etiologic causes remain unknown. Purpose To investigate effects of microgravity by measuring combined volumetric parameters, pituitary morphologic structure, aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics...
Prospective case series.Evaluate lumbar paraspinal muscle (PSM) cross-sectional area and intervertebral disc (IVD) height changes induced by a 6-month space mission on the International Space Station. The long-term objective of this project is to promote spine health prevent spinal injury during missions here Earth.National Aeronautics Administration (NASA) crewmembers have 4.3 times higher risk herniated IVDs, compared with general military aviator populations. highest occurs first year...
During long-duration spaceflights, nearly all astronauts exhibit some change in ocular structure within the spectrum of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome.To quantitatively determine a prospective study whether changes structures hypothesized to be associated with development syndrome occur during 6-month missions on board International Space Station (ISS).The Ocular Health ISS Study is longitudinal cohort that uses objective quantitative imaging modalities. The present...
BACKGROUND: Seven astronauts after 6-mo missions to the International Space Station showed unexpected vision problems. Lumbar punctures performed in four with optic disc edema moderate elevations of cerebral spinal fluid pressure returning Earth. We hypothesized that lower body negative (LBNP) imposed during head-down tilt (HDT) would reduce intraocular (IOP) and transcranial ultrasound pulse amplitude, a noninvasive intracranial (ICP) surrogate. METHODS: Participating this study were 25...
Spaceflight missions expose astronauts to increased risk of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage that might accelerate the development asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. The purpose this investigation was determine whether long-duration spaceflight (>4 mo) results in structural functional changes carotid brachial arteries. Common artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (cIMT), CCA distensibility stiffness, endothelium-dependent -independent vasodilation were measured 13 (10 men, 3 women)...
Sleep and circadian temperature disturbances occur with spaceflight may, in part, result from the chronically elevated carbon dioxide (CO
Abstract Counteracting bone loss is required for future space exploration. We evaluated the ability of treadmill exercise in a LBNP chamber to counteract 30-day bed rest study. Eight pairs identical twins were randomly assigned sedentary control or groups. Exercise within decreased resorption caused by and may provide countermeasure spaceflight. Introduction: Bone one greatest physiological challenges extended-duration missions. The weightlessness-induced has been studied extensively, but...
Astronauts experience spine deconditioning during exposure to microgravity due the lack of axial loads on spine. Treadmill exercise in a lower body negative pressure (LBNP) chamber provides lumbar We hypothesize that daily supine LBNP helps counteract 28 days simulated by bed rest. Twelve sets healthy, identical twins underwent 6° head-down-tilt rest for days. One subject from each set was randomly assigned (Ex) group, whereas their sibling served as nonexercise control (Con). The Ex group...
This study is a repeated measures design to measure the lumbar spine response typical school backpack loads in healthy children. The this setting was measured for first time by an upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.The purpose of We hypothesize that significantly increase disc compression and curvature.Children commonly carry backpacks 10% 22% bodyweight. Despite growing concern among parents about safety, there are no studies which describe effect on children.Three boys 5...
Optic disc edema among astronauts after long-duration spaceflight is associated with 1-carbon pathway single-nucleotide polymorphisms and B vitamin status. A recent strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR) study documented development of optic increased total retinal thickness in participants exposed to carbon dioxide, 0.5%, for 30 days, but genetic risk factors have not been explored the cohort.To examine whether peripapillary measures obtained from optical coherence tomography images...
Spaceflight induces a chronic headward fluid shift that is believed to underlie ocular changes observed in astronauts. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, reversing this via application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) during spaceflight may alter venous system, as evidenced by decrease intraocular pressure. This finding indicates LBNP has potential be an effective countermeasure against spaceflight, which then beneficial preventing or associated changes.
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is hypothesized to develop as a consequence of the chronic headward fluid shift that occurs in sustained weightlessness. We exposed healthy subjects (n = 24) strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR), an analog weightlessness generates shift, and we monitored for ocular changes similar findings SANS. Two-thirds received daily 30-min exposure artificial gravity (AG, 1 g at center mass, ~0.3 eye level) during HDTBR by either continuous (cAG,...
Spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) shares several clinical features with idiopathic intracranial-hypertension (IIH), namely disc edema, globe-flattening, hyperopia, and choroidal folds. Globe-flattening is caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in IIH, but the cause SANS uncertain. If ICP alone causes SANS, then ocular deformations should be similar to IIH; if not, alternative mechanisms would implicated.Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) axial images of optic...
Importance The primary contributing factor for development of chorioretinal folds during spaceflight is unknown. Characterizing fold types that develop and tracking their progression may provide insight into the pathophysiology spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome elucidate risk future exploration-class missions exceeding 12 months in duration. Objective To determine incidence presentation long-duration International Space Station crew members objectively quantify choroidal...
Cardiovascular deconditioning after long duration spaceflight is especially challenging in women who have a lower orthostatic tolerance (OT) compared with men. We hypothesized that an exercise prescription, combining supine aerobic treadmill body negative pressure (LBNP) chamber followed by 10 min of resting LBNP, three to four times week, and flywheel resistive training every third day would maintain during 60-day head-down-tilt bed rest (HDBR). Sixteen were assigned two groups (exercise,...
Background: Shoulder and back pain in school children is associated with wearing heavy backpacks. Such may be attributed to the magnitude of backpack load manner by which distribute over their shoulders back. The purpose this study quantify pressures under straps while they carried a typical range loads during varying conditions. Methods: Ten healthy (aged, 12-14 years) wore loaded at 10%, 20%, 30% body weight (BW). Backpacks were 2 conditions, low on or high Pressure sensors (0.1 mm thick)...
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy two separate countermeasures, exercise and protein supplementation, prevent muscle strength lean tissue mass losses during 60 days bed rest (BR) in women whether countermeasure was influenced by pre-BR muscular fitness (strength, endurance, mass). Twenty-four assigned an (EX, n = 8), a no-exercise control (CON, or supplementation group (PROT, 8). EX performed supine treadmill within lower body negative pressure 3-4 days/wk maximal...