The novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) in mainland China has rapidly spread across the globe. Within 2 mo since was first reported on December 31, 2019, a total of 566 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS CoV-2) cases have been confirmed 26 other countries. Travel restrictions and border control measures enforced countries to limit outbreak. We estimate impact these investigate role airport travel network global COVID-19 Our results show that daily risk exporting at least single SARS...

In the wake of community coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in United States, there is a growing public health concern regarding adequacy resources to treat infected cases. Hospital beds, intensive care units (ICUs), and ventilators are vital for treatment patients with severe illness. To project timing outbreak peak number ICU beds required at peak, we simulated COVID-19 parameterized US population demographics. scenario analyses, varied delay from symptom onset...

Global vaccine development efforts have been accelerated in response to the devastating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated impact of a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination campaign on reducing incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths United States.We developed an agent-based model severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission parameterized it with US demographics age-specific outcomes. Healthcare workers high-risk individuals were prioritized for vaccination,...

Abstract For COVID-19, it is vital to understand if quarantines shorter than 14 days can be equally effective with judiciously deployed testing. Here, we develop a mathematical model that quantifies the probability of post-quarantine transmission incorporating testing into travel quarantine, quarantine traced contacts an unknown time infection, and cases known exposure. We find on exit (or entry exit) reduce duration 14-day by 50%, while shortens at most one day. In real-world test our...

Global vaccine development efforts have been accelerated in response to the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated impact of a 2-dose vaccination campaign on reducing incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths United States (US). developed an agent-based model SARS-CoV-2 transmission parameterized it with US demographics age-specific outcomes. Healthcare workers high-risk individuals were prioritized for vaccination, while children under 18 years age not vaccinated. considered efficacy 95%...

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Increasing numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Canada may create substantial demand for hospital admission and critical care. We evaluated the extent to which self-isolation mildly ill people delays peak outbreaks reduces need this care each Canadian province. <h3>METHODS:</h3> developed a computational model simulated scenarios COVID-19 within Using estimates characteristics, we projected intensive unit (ICU) bed requirements without self-isolation,...

Significance There is limited understanding of what ramifications conflict events have on disease transmission and control in regions plagued by civil unrest violence. Furthermore, the multifaceted nature during an epidemic yet to be characterized. Using data, ethnographic appraisal, a mathematical model, we provide descriptive timeline ongoing Ebola outbreak Democratic Republic Congo. We quantified preceding event its subsequent impact activities demonstrate how are contributing persistence...

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has displaced more than a quarter the population. Assessing disease burdens among people is instrumental in informing global public health and humanitarian aid efforts. We estimated burden Ukrainians both within to other countries by combining spatiotemporal model forcible displacement with age- gender-specific estimates cardiovascular (CVD), diabetes, cancer, HIV, tuberculosis (TB) each Ukraine’s 629 raions (i.e., districts). Among as...

Using Ebolavirus genomic and epidemiological data, we conducted the first joint analysis in which both data types were used to fit dynamic transmission models for an ongoing outbreak. Our results indicate that is clustered, highlighting a potential bias medical demand forecasts, provide empirical estimate of underreporting.

Following the April 2018 reemergence of Ebola in a rural region Democratic Republic Congo (DRC), virus spread to an urban center by early May. Within 2 wk first case confirmation, vaccination campaign was initiated which 3,017 doses were administered contacts cases and frontline healthcare workers. To evaluate spatial dynamics transmission quantify impact vaccination, we developed geographically explicit model that incorporates high-resolution data on poverty population density. We found...

Obesity is a major public health crisis in the United States (US) affecting 42% of population, exacerbating spectrum other diseases and contributing significantly to morbidity mortality overall. Recent advances pharmaceutical interventions, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide, liraglutide) dual gastric inhibitory polypeptide GLP-1 tirzepatide), have shown remarkable efficacy weight-loss. However, limited access these medications due high costs...

Black populations in the United States are being disproportionately affected by COVID-19 pandemic, but increased mortality burden after accounting for health and other demographic characteristics is not well understood. We examined of individuals who died from Michigan race stratified their age, sex comorbidity prevalence to illustrate understand this disparity risk.

Numerous countries have imposed strict travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to a large socioeconomic burden. The long quarantines that been applied contacts of cases may be excessive for policy.We developed an approach evaluate imminent countrywide infections after 0-14-day quarantine and testing. We identified minimum duration such infection rate within destination country did not increase compared ban, defining this as "sufficient."We present generalised...

Widespread COVID-19 testing is paramount for the receipt of timely medical care and curtailing transmission. The USA continues to face formidable challenges in making accessible all because efforts scale up have fallen short.1Tromberg BJ Schwetz TA Pérez-Stable EJ et al.Rapid scaling diagnostic United States—the NIH RADx Initiative.N Engl J Med. 2020; 383: 1071-1077Crossref PubMed Scopus (145) Google Scholar RT-PCR severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which...

As a devastating Ebola outbreak in West Africa continues, non-pharmaceutical control measures including contact tracing, quarantine, and case isolation are being implemented. In addition, public health agencies scaling up efforts to test deploy candidate vaccines. Given the experimental nature limited initial supplies of vaccines, mass vaccination campaign might not be feasible. However, ring likely contacts could provide an effective alternative distributing vaccine. To evaluate as strategy...

Theoretical models of infection spread on networks predict that targeting vaccination at individuals with a very large number contacts (superspreaders) can reduce incidence by significant margin. These generally assume superspreaders will always agree to be vaccinated. Hence, they cannot capture unintended consequences such as policy resistance, where the behavioral response induced new vaccine tends expected benefits policy. Here, we couple model influenza transmission an empirically-based...

As of April 20, 2020, 14 068 people have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Africa, whom 3158 (22·4%) are South Africa.1WHOCoronavirus (COVID-19).https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus-covid-19Date accessed: 2020Google Scholar The transmissibility SARS-CoV-2, combined the scarcity crucial health equipment and challenges implementing widespread physical distancing case isolation, poses a grave threat to continent. To illustrate...

Abstract Background Rapid antigen (RA) tests are being increasingly employed to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in quarantine and surveillance. Prior research has focused on RT-PCR testing, a single RA test, or generic diagnostic characteristics of assessing testing strategies. Methods We have conducted comparative analysis the post-quarantine transmission, effective reproduction number during serial false-positive rates for 18 with emergency use authorization from The United States Food Drug...

Regions with insufficient vaccination have hindered worldwide poliomyelitis eradication, as they are vulnerable to sporadic outbreaks through reintroduction of the disease. Despite Israel’s having been declared polio-free in 1988, a routine sewage surveillance program detected polio 2013. To curtail transmission, Israel Ministry Health launched vaccine campaign vaccinate children—who had only received inactivated vaccine—with oral (OPV). Determining degree prosocial motivation behavior is...

Abstract The ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine has forced over eight million people to migrate out of Ukraine. Understanding the dynamics migration is essential for policy-making and delivering humanitarian assistance. Existing work hindered by a reliance on observational data which only available well after fact. In this work, we study efficacy data-driven agent-based framework motivated social behavioral theory in predicting outflow migrants as result conflict events during...

Abstract. This paper discusses the motivation, preparation, risk mitigation, execution, and results of a full-scale experiment where rotor 1.5 MW wind turbine was operated in downwind configuration. The took place at National Renewable Energy Laboratory Flatirons Campus Colorado, USA, involved collection loads power together with acoustic measurements from an array four microphones. 410 min operation 960 conventional upwind operations are used to validate numerical predictions aeroelastic...