A5043408234- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Microbial Metabolism and Applications
- Fire effects on ecosystems
United States Army Medical Research Directorate - Africa
2015-2025
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
2024-2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2011-2024
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
2023
University of Washington
2023
United States Army
2021-2023
United States Department of the Army
2011-2014
A critical and persistent challenge to global health modern care is the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Previous studies have reported a disproportionate burden AMR in low-income middle-income countries, but there remains an urgent need for more in-depth analyses across Africa. This study presents one most comprehensive sets regional country-level estimates bacterial WHO African region date.
Increased frequency of arbovirus outbreaks in East Africa necessitated the determination distribution risk by entomologic surveillance. A systematic vector surveillance programme spanning 5 years and covering 11 sites representing seven eight provinces Kenya located diverse ecological zones was carried out. Mosquitoes were sampled bi-annually during wet seasons screened for arboviruses. identified to species, pooled collection date site arboviruses isolation cell culture and/or RT-PCR...
Arthorpod-borne viruses (arboviruses) cause wide-spread morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, but little research has documented the burden and distribution of these pathogens.Using a population-based, cross-sectional study design, we administered detailed questionnaire used ELISA to test blood 1,141 healthy Kenyan adults from three districts for presence anti-viral Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following viruses: dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV), yellow fever (YFV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Rift...
Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are an increasingly significant clinical threat globally. This risk may be underestimated in Kenya as only four carbapenemase genes three bacterial species have been described. The study aimed to understand the antibiotic resistance profiles, genes, sequence types, and distribution of carbapenem-resistant from patients six hospitals across five Kenyan counties by culture, susceptibility testing, whole-genome analysis. Forty-eight, non-duplicate,...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. It can produce range debilitating infections, have propensity for developing antimicrobial resistance, and present with variety potent virulence factors. This study investigated the sequence types (ST), phenotypic susceptibility profiles, resistance genes among clinical isolates from urinary tract skin soft tissue infections. Fifty-six P. were obtained six medical centers across five counties in Kenya between 2015...
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a globally significant opportunistic pathogen causing healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections. This study examined the epidemiology distribution of resistance virulence genes in clinical K. strains Kenya. A total 89 isolates were collected over six years from five counties Kenya analyzed using whole-genome sequencing bioinformatics. These obtained (62/89) infections (21/89), hospital environment (6/89). Genetic analysis revealed presence blaNDM-1...
The diversity of mosquito arbovirus vectors was investigated to define regional risk transmission in Kenya. Mosquitoes were sampled between April, 2007 and December, 2010 at thirteen sites across seven administrative provinces ecological zones. CDC light traps used collect mosquitoes while human-landing collection conducted five the target day-feeding Aedes (Stegomyia) species. Over 524,000 collected identified into 101 species, 30 them known arboviruses endemic Ae. (Neomelaniconion)...
Enterococci are clinically significant because of their increasing antibiotic resistance and ability to cause severe infections due an arsenal virulence genes. Few studies in the developing world have examined factors that may significantly impact patient outcomes. This study describes antimicrobial profiles prevalence five key Enterococcal genes gelE, asa, cylA, esp, hyl forty-four clinical Enterococcus faecalis E. faecium isolates Kenya association with patients' demographic...
Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria contaminating hospital environments which can cause outbreaks as well sporadic transmission. Methods This study systematically sampled and utilized standard bacteriological culture methods to determine the numbers types of MDR Enterococcus faecalis / faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species,...
This study describes the identification of
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease mainly affecting pastoralists who come in contact with animals infested Hyalomma ticks, which are the key vectors of CCHF virus (CCHFV). CCHFV has been detected among these ticks parts North Eastern Kenya. This study aimed to identify acute cases CCHF, and determine extent previous exposure an outpatient population attending Sangailu Ijara health centers, District, Kenya, presenting febrile illnesses. A total 517 human...
ABSTRACT We describe the genomes of three lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages genus Phikmvvirus . The vB_Pae4841-AFR43, vB_Pae10145-KEN1, and vB_Pae9718-KEN10 consist 43,426, 43,406, 43,118 bp, with 62.4%, 62.3%, 62.2% GC content, contain 63, 66, 64 coding sequences, respectively, no tRNA genes.
ABSTRACT We report the genome sequences of 14 Acinetobacter phages isolated in Kenya, belonging to genera Friunavirus and Obolenskvirus . They have double-stranded DNA with sizes between 39 45 kb G + C content from 38% 39%. The genomes contain 56 93 predicted coding sequences.
West Nile virus (WNV) is currently active in Kenya as evidenced by the detection of antibodies birds bled part an avian influenza surveillance program 2009. Although WNV has been isolated from several mosquito species Kenya, no studies have ever conducted to determine which these are competent vectors this virus. Therefore, we allowed Kenyan mosquitoes feed on 2- or 3-d-old chickens that had infected with a Lineage one strain 24–48 h earlier. These were tested ≈2 wk later infection,...
Journal Article Ticks and Tick-Borne Viruses From Livestock Hosts in Arid Semiarid Regions of the Eastern Northeastern Parts Kenya Get access Joel Lutomiah, Lutomiah 3 1Centre for Virus Research, Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54628, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.2Division Emerging Infectious Disease, US Army Unit, Kenya, 606-00621, Village Market, 00621, Kenya. 3Corresponding author, e-mail: joel.lutomiah@usamru-k.org. Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google...
In this study, ticks from pastoral communities in Kenya were tested for Rickettsia spp. infections geographical regions where the presence of tick-borne arboviruses had previously been reported. Rickettsial and arbovirus have similar clinical features which makes differential diagnosis challenging when both diseases occur. The tick samples by conventional PCR using three primer sets targeting gltA, ompA, ompB genes followed amplicon sequencing. Of pools screened, 25% (95/380) positive DNA...
Ticks are important disease vectors in Kenya with documented evidence of carriage zoonotic pathogens. Coxiella burnetii is an tick-borne pathogen that underreported and yet this infection likely contributes to undiagnosed febrile pastoral communities. Archived human blood (278) tick pool samples (380) collected from five communities were screened for C. by PCR using primers targeting the transposon-like IS1111 region. All negative DNA. However, was detected 5.53% (21/380) pools tested. Four...
Introduction Clostridioides difficile is a neglected pathogen in many African countries as it generally not regarded one of the major contributors toward diarrheal disease burden continent. However, several studies have suggested that C. infection (CDI) may be underreported settings. The aim this study was to determine prevalence CDI hospitalized patients, evaluate antimicrobial exposure, and detect toxin resistance profiles isolated strains. Methods In cross-sectional study, 333 patients...
Introduction: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPECs) are a significant cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). In Kenya, UTIs typically treated with β-lactam antibiotics without antibiotic susceptibility testing, which could accelerate resistance among UPEC strains. Aim: This study determined the occurrence producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), genes conferring to β-lactams, and phylogenetic groups associated ESBLs in Kenyan UPECs. Methodology: Ninety-five isolates from six...
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Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Kenya, Uganda, and Jordan identified multidrug-resistant high-risk bacterial clones: Escherichia coli sequence types 131, 1193, 69, 167, 10, 648, 410, 405 Klebsiella pneumoniae 14, 147, 307, 258. Clones emerging those countries exhibited high mechanism diversity, highlighting a serious threat for multidrug resistance.
Abstract Background The increase and spread of virulent-outbreak associated, methicillin vancomycin resistant (MRSA/VRSA) Staphylococcus aureus require a better understanding the resistance virulence patterns circulating emerging strains globally. This study sought to establish phenotype, 32 non-duplicate clinical MRSA MSSA S. isolates from four Kenyan hospitals , identify their genes determine genetic relationships with global strains. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were...