Axonal degeneration is an important determinant of progressive neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, therapeutic approaches promoting neuroprotection could aid the treatment MS. Here, we used what believe a novel water-soluble fullerene derivative (ABS-75) attached to NMDA receptor antagonist, which combines antioxidant and anti-excitotoxic properties, block axonal damage reduce disease progression chronic EAE model. Fullerene ABS-75 initiated after onset reduced clinical...

Purpose Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a new MRI technology allowing the detection of low concentration endogenous cellular proteins and metabolites indirectly through their exchangeable protons. A technique, variable delay multi-pulse CEST (VDMP-CEST), proposed to eliminate need for recording full Z-spectra performing asymmetry analysis obtain contrast. Methods The VDMP-CEST scheme involves acquiring images with two (or more) delays between radiofrequency pulses in...

Deuterium (2H) MRI is an emerging tool for noninvasive imaging. We explore the integration of 2H with deuterated multifunctional nanopolymers particle imaging (DPI). To this end, amine-terminated G5-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were labeled acetyl surface groups, leading to highly 2H-loaded bioparticles, making them ideal studies. The accumulation ∼5 nm PAMAM in kidneys could then be seen by high submillimeter resolution. natural abundance HDO signal provided internal concentration...

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a new approach for generating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast that allows monitoring of protein properties in vivo. In this method, radiofrequency pulse used to saturate the magnetization specific protons on target molecule, which then transferred water via chemical and detected using MRI. One advantage CEST magnetizations different can be specifically saturated at frequencies. This enables detection multiple targets simultaneously...

Synthetic chemistry has revolutionized the understanding of many biological systems. Small compounds that act as agonists and antagonists proteins, occasionally imaging probes, have contributed tremendously to elucidation pathways. Nevertheless, function thousands proteins is still elusive, designing new probes remains a challenge. Through screening characterization, we identified thymidine analogue probe for expression herpes simplex virus type-1 kinase (HSV1-TK). To detect probe, used...

Genetically engineered reporters have revolutionized the understanding of many biological processes. MRI-based reporter genes can dramatically improve our ability to monitor dynamic gene expression and allow coregistration subcellular genetic information with high-resolution anatomical images. We developed a biocompatible MRI based on human gene, protamine-1 (hPRM1). The arginine-rich hPRM1 (47% arginine residues) generates high contrast chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)...

The local presence and concentration of metal ions in biological systems has been extensively studied ex vivo using fluorescent dyes. However, the detection multiple remains a major challenge. We present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based method for noninvasive specific that may be coexisting, tetrafluorinated derivative BAPTA (TF-BAPTA) chelate as 19F analogue existing optical Taking advantage difference ion-specific nuclear (NMR) chemical shift offset (Δω) values between ion-bound free...

Although metal ions are involved in a myriad of biological processes, noninvasive detection free deep tissue remains formidable challenge. We present an approach for specific sensing the presence Ca2+ which amplification strategy chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is combined with broad range shifts found 19F NMR spectroscopy to obtain magnetic resonance images Ca2+. exploited shift change (Δω) upon binding 5,5′-difluoro derivative...

Purpose Demonstrate applicability of natural D‐glucose as a T 2 MRI contrast agent. Methods solutions were prepared at multiple concentrations and variable pH. The relaxation rate ( R = 1/ ) was measured 3, 7, 11.7 T. Additional experiments performed on blood Also, mouse infused with (3.0 mmol/kg) dynamic weighted images the abdomen acquired. Results transverse depended strongly glucose concentration solution A maximum change in observed around physiological pH (pH 6.8‐7.8). relaxivities...

Alterations in mucin expression and glycosylation are associated with cancer development. Underglycosylated mucin-1 (uMUC1) is overexpressed most malignant adenocarcinomas of epithelial origin (for example, colon, breast ovarian cancer). Its counterpart MUC1 a large polymer rich glycans containing multiple exchangeable OH protons, which readily detectable by chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI. We show here that deglycosylation results >75% reduction CEST signal. Three uMUC1(+)...

Peripheral nerve injury causes sensory dysfunctions that are thought to be attributable changes in neuronal activity occurring somatosensory cortices both contralateral and ipsilateral the injury. Recent studies suggest distorted functional response observed deprived primary cortex (S1) may result of an increase inhibitory interneuron is mediated by transcallosal pathway. The goal this study was develop a strategy manipulate control facilitate appropriate plasticity guiding cortical...

Abstract Purpose: Protein kinases including protein kinase A (PKA) underlie myriad important signaling pathways. The ability to monitor activity in vivo and real‐time with high spatial resolution genetically specified cellular populations is a yet unmet need, crucial for understanding complex biological systems as well preclinical development screening of novel therapeutics. Methods: Using the hypothesis that natural recognition sequences may be detected using chemical exchange saturation...

Abstract Inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively developed for a variety of uses. The ability to obtain high‐resolution NMR signals from the core nuclei NCs in solution could offer new opportunities materials sciences and MR imaging. Herein, we demonstrate that small, water‐soluble 19 F‐ionic can average out homonuclear dipolar interactions, enabling one F reflect properties − crystal core. Decorating F‐NC surfaces with biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) coating maintains...

Purpose To develop an imaging tool that enables the detection of malignant tissue with enhanced specificity using exquisite spatial resolution MRI. Methods Two mammalian gene expression vectors were created for lysine‐rich protein (LRP) under control cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and progression elevated gene‐3 (PEG‐3 promoter) constitutive tumor‐specific LRP, respectively. Using those vectors, stable cell lines rat 9L glioma, CMV‐LRP PEG‐LRP , established tested CEST contrast in vitro vivo...

Recent advancements in molecular and synthetic biology, combined with chemistry biotechnology, have opened up new opportunities to engineer novel platforms that can monitor complex biological processes various noninvasive imaging modalities. After decades of using gadolinium- or iron-based metallic sensors for MRI, the recently developed chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast mechanism has created an opportunity rational design, silico, nonmetallic biosensors MRI. These...

Abstract Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI is a promising new technique for cellular and molecular imaging. This contrast allows the detection of tumors ischemia without use gadolinium as well design microenvironment‐sensitive probes that can be discriminated based on their properties frequency. Current acquisition schemes to detect analyze this suffer from sensitivity spatial B 0 inhomogeneity low contrast‐to‐noise‐ratio, which an obstacle widespread adoption technology. A method...

Abstract Frequency‐labeled exchange transfer is a promising MRI technique for labeling and detecting exchanging protons of low‐concentration solutes through the water signal. Early frequency‐labeled studies have used off‐resonance excitation‐based schemes that are well suited to study rapidly or molecules far from resonance (e.g., in paramagnetic contrast agents) slowly close some amide protons). However, not efficient water. Here, we show new scheme with excitation pulses applied on gives...

To determine if glial precursor cells can be targeted to inflamed brain through overexpression of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and whether this docking process monitored with magnetic resonance (MR) cell tracking after intraarterial injection.All experimental procedures were performed between August 2010 February 2012 approved by the institutional animal care use committee. Human (hGPs) transfected VLA-4 labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide that contained rhodamine. A microfluidic adhesion...