Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors have gained great attention as such biosensor platforms are easy and cost-effective to fabricate, provide a direct electrical readout for the presence of biological analytes with high sensitivity selectivity. CP materials themselves both sensing elements transducers recognition event at same time, simplifying sensor designs. This review summarizes advances in based on CPs. Recognition probe immobilisation techniques, transduction...

The adsorption of proteins at material surfaces is important in applications such as biomaterials, drug delivery, and diagnostics. interaction cells with artificial mediated through adsorbed proteins, where the type protein, amount, orientation, conformation are consequence for cell response. Laminin, an adhesive protein that central developmental biology, studied by a combination quartz crystal microbalance dissipation (QCM-D) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to characterize laminin on...

We show that the nanoscale adhesion geometry controls spreading and differentiation of epidermal stem cells. find cells respond to such hard nanopatterns similarly their behavior on soft hydrogels. Cellular responses were seen from local changes in diffusion dynamics adapter protein vinculin associated impaired mechanotransduction rather than recruitment proteins involved focal formation.

Four Mg-xZn-ySn (x = 2, 4 and y 1, 3 wt.%) alloys are investigated as anode materials for magnesium-air (Mg-air) battery. The self-corrosion battery discharge behavior of these four Mg-Zn-Sn analyzed by electrochemical measurements Mg-air tests. results show that addition Sn stimulates the activity significantly improves anodic efficiency specific capacity Mg-Zn alloy anodes. Among anodes, Mg-2Zn-3Sn (ZT23) shows best performance at low current densities (≤ 5 mA cm−2), achieving high energy...

Electrically modulated delivery of proteins provides an avenue to target local tissues specifically and tune the dose application. This approach prolongs enhances activity at site whilst reducing off-target effects associated with systemic drug delivery. The work presented here explores electrically active composite material comprising a biocompatible hydrogel, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), generating polymer hydrogel. In this paper, key...

Piezoelectric organic polymers are promising alternatives to their inorganic counterparts due mechanical flexibility, making them suitable for flexible and wearable piezoelectric devices. Biological such as proteins have been reported possess piezoelectricity, while offering additional benefits, biocompatibility biodegradability. However, questions remain regarding protein the impact of secondary structure. This study examines properties lysozyme amyloid fibril films, plasticized by...

Large area nanopatterns of functional proteins are demonstrated. A new approach to analyze atomic force microscopy height histograms is used quantify protein and antibody binding nanoscale patches. Arrays nanopatches, each containing less than 40 laminin molecules, shown be highly close 1 monoclonal anti-laminin IgG (site by IKVAV sequence) or 3−4 polyclonal IgG's per surface bound laminin. Complementary quartz crystal microbalance measurements indicate higher functionality at nanopatches on...

Focal adhesion development in cells adherent to surface bound fibronectin presented as 200, 500, or 1000 nm diameter circular patches homogeneous controls is studied by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Fundamental cellular processes such adhesion, spreading, focal stress fiber formation are shown be dependent on the spatial distribution of ligands at this scale. Large area samples enable study whole cell populations opens for new potential applications.

The effects of protein type and pattern size on cell adhesion, spreading, focal adhesion development are studied. Fibronectin vitronectin patterns from 0.1 to 3μm produced by colloidal lithography reveal important differences in how cells adhere bridge adhesions across nanopatterns versus micropatterns. Vinculin zyxin but not integrins seen ligand gaps. Differences mechanical properties implicated as factors development.

We demonstrate a simple route to versatile electrically addressable conductive polymer graft copolymer systems. The monomer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), one the commercially most important polymers, was modified by addition an ATRP-initiating site grow brushes from. is easily accessible one-step synthesis from available 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methanol. subsequently electropolymerized onto large area gold-coated electrodes and utilized as backbone for grafting...

The fabrication of conductive polymer nanowires and their sensing nucleic acids, proteins pathogens is reviewed in this feature article.

Graft copolymers with a conducting polymer backbone are promising class of materials for diverse applications including, but not limited to, organic electronics, stimuli-responsive surfaces, sensors, and biomedical devices. These take advantage the unique electrochemical optoelectronic properties polymers, complemented by chemical and/or physical grafted sidechains. In this Personal Account, we discuss our work in designing functional surfaces based on graft backbone, context broader...

This work demonstrates polymer brushes grafted from conductive films which display dynamic surface switching dependent on salt, temperature and electrode potential. The electroactivity presented by the responsiveness of leads to an interface with multiple control parameters. Here, we demonstrate this concept grafting uncharged poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylates conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), observe a temperature- salt-induced switch brush conformation,...

Variations in mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix occurs various processes, such as tissue fibrosis. The impact changes stiffness on cell behaviour are studied vitro using types biomaterials and methods. Stiffness patterning hydrogel scaffolds, through use gradients for instance, allows modelling studying cellular responses to fibrotic mechanisms. Gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) has been used extensively engineering its inherent biocompatibility ability precisely tune properties....

Magnetic nanoarrays promise to enable new energy-efficient computations based on spintronics or magnonics. In this work, we present a block copolymer-assisted strategy for fabricating ordered magnetic nanostructures silicon and permalloy substrates. Block copolymer micelle-like structures were used as template in which polyoxometalate (POM) clusters could assemble an opal-like structure. A combination of microscopy scattering techniques was confirm the structural organizational features...

Abstract Piezoelectric energy generation is relevant for developing advanced electronics. However, the poor understanding of influence triboelectricity as an alternate charge mechanism has, in many cases, resulted reporting exaggerated piezoelectric outputs. Herein, signal output systematically investigated from a range organic materials (poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)), moderately (heat‐treated PVDF), and non‐piezoelectric (non‐poled polytetrafluoroelthylene (Teflon) nylon) under...