Expansins are plant cell wall loosening proteins that involved in enlargement and a variety of other developmental processes. The expansin superfamily contains four subfamilies; namely, α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA), B (EXLB). Although the genome sequencing soybeans is complete, our knowledge about pattern expansion evolutionary history soybean genes remains limited. total 75 were identified genome, grouped into subfamilies based on their phylogenetic...

Female gamete development in Arabidopsis ovules comprises two phases. During megasporogenesis, a somatic ovule cell differentiates into megaspore mother and undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores, three of which degrade. The surviving functional participates megagametogenesis, undergoing syncytial mitosis cellular differentiation multicellular female gametophyte containing the egg central cell, progenitors embryo endosperm seed. transition between megasporogenesis...

Abstract Background WRKY genes encode one of the most abundant groups transcription factors in higher plants, and its members regulate important biological process such as growth, development, responses to biotic abiotic stresses. Although soybean genome sequence has been published, functional studies on still lag behind those other species. Results We identified a total 133 genome. According structural features their encoded proteins phylogenetic tree, family could be classified into three...

Wheat seed germination directly affects wheat yield and quality. Although transcriptome proteome analyses during have been reported in some crop plant species, dynamic characterization has not conducted. We performed the first comprehensive analysis different stages of elite Chinese bread cultivar Jimai 20 using Affymetrix Genome Array. A total 61,703 probe sets representing 51,411 transcripts were identified five 20, which 2,825 differential expression corresponding to 2,646 with functions...

Expansin loosens plant cell walls and involves in enlargement various abiotic stresses. Plant expansin superfamily contains four subfamilies: α-expansin (EXPA), β-expansin (EXPB), expansin-like A (EXLA), B (EXLB). In this work, we performed a comprehensive study on the molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationship expression profiling of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene family using recently released genome database (IWGSC RefSeq v1.1 with coverage rate 94%).Genome-wide analysis...

Abstract Background The analyses of protein synthesis, accumulation and regulation during grain development in wheat are more complex because its larger genome size compared to model plants such as Arabidopsis rice. In this study, grains from two cultivars Jimai 20 Zhoumai 16 with different gluten quality properties were harvested at five stages, used displayed variable expression patterns proteins. Results Proteome characterization Chinese bread was investigated by 2-DE tandem...

Asexual seed formation, or apomixis, in the Hieracium subgenus Pilosella is controlled by two dominant independent genetic loci, LOSS OF APOMEIOSIS (LOA) and PARTHENOGENESIS (LOP). We examined apomixis mutants that had lost function one both loci to establish their developmental roles during formation. In apomicts, sexual reproduction initiated first. Somatic aposporous initial (AI) cells differentiate near meiotic cells, pathway terminated as AI undergo mitotic embryo sac Seed initiation...

Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter proteins are present in all organisms. Although the functions of some MATE gene family members have been studied plants, few studies investigated expansion patterns, functional divergence, or effects positive selection.Forty-five genes from rice 56 Arabidopsis were identified grouped into four subfamilies. similar exon-intron structures Arabidopsis; conserved each subfamily but differ among In both species, has expanded mainly through...

DNA binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. Although genome-wide identification analysis of the DOF factor family has been reported other species, no relevant studies have emerged wheat. The aim this study was to investigate evolutionary functional characteristics associated responses by wheat Dof gene family.Using recently released genome database (IWGSC RefSeq v1.0), we identified 96 members, which were...

Abstract Background Multiple proteins containing BURP domain have been identified in many different plant species, but not any other organisms. To date, the molecular function of is still unknown, and no systematic analysis expression profiling gene family soybean ( Glycine max ) has reported. Results In this study, multiple bioinformatics approaches were employed to identify all members genes soybean. A total 23 types identified. These had diverse structures distributed on chromosome 1, 2,...

Hieracium praealtum forms seeds asexually by apomixis. During ovule development, sexual reproduction initiates with megaspore mother cell entry into meiosis and formation of a tetrad haploid megaspores. The pathway ceases when diploid aposporous initial (AI) differentiates, enlarges, undergoes mitosis, forming an embryo sac that displaces structures. Embryo endosperm development in sacs is fertilization independent. Transcriptional data relating to apomixis initiation spp. ovules scarce the...

The 14-3-3 gene family identified in all eukaryotic organisms is involved a wide range of biological processes, particularly resistance to various abiotic stresses. Here, we performed the first comprehensive study on molecular characterisation, phylogenetics and responses stresses Brachypodium distachyon L.. A total seven genes from B. 120 five main lineages among 12 species were identified, which divided into well-conserved subfamilies. structure analysis showed that plant highly...

The auxin response factor (ARF) gene family is involved in plant development and hormone regulation. Although the ARF has been studied some species, its structural features, molecular evolution, expression profiling Brachypodium distachyon L. are still not clear.Genome-wide analysis identified 19 genes B. distachyon. A phylogenetic tree constructed with 182 from seven species revealed three different clades, within a clade exhibited conservation, although certain divergences occurred clades....

The Multidrug and toxin efflux (MATE) gene family plays crucial roles in plant growth development response to adverse stresses. This work investigated the structural evolutionary characteristics, expression profiling potential functions involved aluminium (Al) tolerance from a genome-wide level. In total, 211 wheat MATE genes were identified, which classified into four subfamilies unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Duplication analysis showed that fragments tandem repeats played main...

GATA transcription factor genes participate in plant growth, development, morphogenesis, and stress response. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat to reveal their molecular evolutionary characteristics involvement salt drought tolerance. total, 79 TaGATA containing conserved domain were identified the genome, which classified into four subfamilies. Collinear indicated that fragment duplication plays an important role amplification gene family....

The caleosin genes encode proteins with a single conserved EF hand calcium-binding domain and comprise small gene families found in wide range of plant species. These may be involved many cellular biological processes coupled closely to the synthesis, degradation, or stability oil bodies. Although previous studies this protein family have been reported for Arabidopsis other species, understanding evolution plants remains inadequate.In study, comparative genomic analysis was performed...

NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors are involved in regulating plant developmental processes and response to environmental stresses. Brachypodium distachyon is an emerging model system for cereals, temperate grasses biofuel crops. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of the molecular characterizations, phylogenetics expression profiles under various abiotic stresses gene family was performed. total, 118 BNAC genes B. were identified, which 22 (18.64%) tandemly duplicated...

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are involved in catalyzing protein bonding and isomerization the endoplasmic reticulum functions as a chaperone to inhibit aggregation of misfolded proteins. Brachypodium distachyon is widely used model plant for temperate grass species such wheat barley. In this work, we report first molecular characterization, phylogenies, expression profiles PDI PDI-like (PDIL) genes B. different tissues under various abiotic stresses. Eleven PDIL genome by silico...

The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone binding protein (BiP) is an important functional protein, which involved in synthesis, folding assembly, and secretion. In order to study the role of BiP process wheat seed development, we cloned three homologous cDNA sequences bread (Triticum aestivum), completed by rapid amplification ends (RACE), examined expression tissues, particularly relationship between subunit types HMW-GS using near-isogenic lines (NILs) silencing, under abiotic stress.

Abstract KNOTTED-like homeodomain ( KNOX ) genes are transcriptional regulators that play an important role in morphogenesis. In the present study, a comparative analysis was performed to investigate molecular evolution of characteristics gene family 10 different plant species. We identified 129 members, which were categorized into two subfamilies based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Several segmental duplication pairs found, indicating species share...

BURP domain-containing proteins belong to a plant-specific protein family and have diverse roles in plant development stress responses. However, our understanding about the genetic divergence patterns evolutionary rates of these remain inadequate. In this study, 15 genomes were explored elucidate origins, divergence, functions proteins. One hundred twenty-five protein-encoding genes identified from four main lineages, including 13 higher species. The absence unicellular multicellular algae...

Cystatin is a class of proteins mainly involved in cysteine protease inhibition and plant growth development, as well tolerance under various abiotic stresses. In this study, we performed the first comprehensive analysis molecular characterization expression profiling response to stresses cystatin gene family Brachypodium distachyon, novel model for Triticum species with huge genomes. Comprehensive searches genome database identified 25 B. distachyon (BdC) genes that are distributed unevenly...

Abstract This study focused on optimizing phosphate‐based buffers and other capillary electrophoresis (CE) parameters for separating characterizing high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD, 2 n = 6 x 42), emmer dicoccum , AABB, 4 28) Aegilops tauschii (DD, 14). The fast high‐resolution separation of HMW‐GS was achieved using 0.1 M phosphate‐glycine buffer (pH 2.5, containing 20% acetonitrile 0.05% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) at 12.5 kV...