Of 400 horses referred because of equine dental disease, 162 suffered from primary apical infections their cheek teeth (CT), including 92 with maxillary CT and 70 mandibular infections. Maxillary swellings sinus tracts were more common (82 26% incidence, respectively) the rostral 3 CT, than caudal (39 5% respectively). Nasal discharge was commonly present (95%) (23%) Mandibular had (91%) (59%) these closely related to eruption affected CT. A variety treatments, medical treatment, curettage,...

Of 400 horses referred because of dental disorders, 349 cases were diagnosed as suffering from primary disorders their cheek teeth. Details 104 these are presented, including 44 with abnormalities wear, 26 traumatic damage, 24 idiopathic fractures and 10 miscellaneous teeth oral tumours. The long-term response to treatment was excellent in most cases, even residual secondary periodontal disease.

Of 400 referred horses with dental disorders, 349 cases suffered from primary disorders of their cheek teeth, ninety these development or eruption, displacements. These included 20 rostral maxillary and caudal mandibular teeth overgrowths, 16 diastemata, 15 grossly enlarged 'eruption cysts', 4 10 supernumerary 23 displaced teeth. displacements were believed to be developmental in acquired the remaining 7 cases. Long-term response treatments, that removal overgrowths extraction deep secondary...

Summary Referred cases (n = 375) of laryngeal paralysis (1985–1998) from a mixed‐breed equine population included 351 (94%) recurrent neuropathy (RLN) (idiopathic hemiplegia) and 24 (6%) causes other than RLN. Laryngeal movements were classified endoscopically into one 6 grades, in contrast to the usual 4 grades. The RLN had median grade paralysis, which 96% left‐sided, 2% right‐sided bilaterally affected. 204 (58%) Thoroughbred, 96 (27%) Thoroughbred‐cross, 23 (7%) draught, 16 (5%)...

Background Idiopathic headshaking ( HSK ) in horses is a distressing disorder which the etiology and pathophysiology are unknown. Hypothesis Differences sensory function of trigeminal nerve exist between healthy affected horses. Animals Six mature geldings 6 with idiopathic . Methods Prospective study. Sensory action somatosensory evoked potentials studies were performed. The stimulus site comprised gingival mucosa dorsal to maxillary canine. A pair recording electrodes was placed along...

Anthelmintic resistance in equine gastrointestinal nematodes is a threat to health and welfare. Detailed knowledge of anthelmintic use parasite control methods prerequisite identification potential risk factors for resistance.To identify practices employed by owners Scotland investigate management associated with resistance.Questionnaire study Scotland.Questionnaires were available electronically, distributed at conference mailed clients. Key areas explored included general background,...

A review of 400 horses referred because dental disorders showed 44 cases to suffer from primary their incisors and 11 canine or 1st premolar teeth disorders. The remaining 345 suffered the cheek teeth. Disorders included traumatic damage supporting bones, retained deciduous, displaced supernumerary incisors; brachygnathia abnormalities wear, with most latter being secondary Only 3 apical infection were recognised. Most fractured responded well conservative therapy. Retained deciduous...

Summary Reasons for performing the study: Increased plasma progestagen concentrations have been reported in foals with neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS). These steroids may cross blood–brain barrier and dampening effects central nervous system. Objectives: To evaluate if infusion of a progesterone derivative (allopregnanolone) healthy foal would induce clinical signs compatible NMS. Methods: A from mare normal gestation (length, no complications), birth placenta was infused...

Summary Reasons for performing the study Increased levels of pregnanes have been reported in foals with neonatal maladjustment syndrome ( NMS ). These steroids may cross blood–brain barrier and depressive effects central nervous system leading to behavioural abnormalities altered states consciousness affected foals. Objectives The aim this was determine pregnane profile compare it that healthy controls sick, non‐ Study design Prospective‐clinical study. Methods Thirty‐two a clinical...

Considerable evidence suggests that veterinary surgeons' mental health is often poorer than comparable populations and the incidence of suicide higher among surgeons general public. Veterinary students also appear to suffer from high levels anxiety stress, may possess inadequate coping strategies when faced with adversity. find it difficult access central university support systems due their heavy workload geographical isolation on some campuses. A previous study University Edinburgh...

Examination of the long-term histories and clinical findings was performed in 351 horses suffering from recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) to examine for possible evidence progression this disorder. Fifty-two out cases (15%) had degree dysfunction over a median period 12 months (range 1.5-48 months) with onset occurring at age 7 years. In 30 cases, there both endoscopic (median deterioration 3 grades; range 1-5 grades) evidence, 29 (97%) these concurrently developing sudden-onset, abnormal...

Summary Reasons for performing study Cyathostomins comprise 50 helminth species, considered the most problematic equine endoparasites. Three classes of anthelmintic are currently licensed their control, namely benzimidazoles (fenbendazole), tetrahydropyrimidines (pyrantel) and macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin moxidectin). Anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomins is common. With no new expected near future, it essential to determine efficacy available anthelmintics inform future control...

Summary Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples are often subject to time delays, possibly with temperature fluctuations, between collection and processing. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects time, 2 different fixatives on equine BALF cytology, in order develop guidelines for optimal storage conditions. Total nucleated cell count (TCC), differential counts (DCC), absolute (ACC), viability, morphology bacterial growth stored at 4, 18 (± addition formalin‐ or alcohol‐based...

Background Trigeminal neuralgia or neuropathic pain has been regarded as a putative cause of idiopathic headshaking in horses. Equine herpesvirus‐1 ( EHV ‐1) infection and resultant postherpetic have suggested possible such pain. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine the presence ‐1 trigeminal ganglia horses with headshaking. Animals Nineteen horses: control (n = 11, 9 geldings, 2 mares, median age 11 years) 8, all 11.5 were sourced from equine research herd caseload at V eterinary M edical T...

Abstract Background In horses with trigeminal‐mediated headshaking (TMHS), clinical signs are likely to be expression of neuropathic facial pain. Currently, subjective assessment disease severity is used as measure compromise animal's welfare. Objectives To develop and validate a precise scoring system for TMHS: History, Rest Exercise Score (HRE‐S). The HRE‐S consists three subscores: history score (H‐S), resting (R‐S) exercise (E‐S). Study design Retrospective observational study. Methods...

Summary The aim of this study was to develop a diagnostically useful smear method for preparation equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) use by practitioners. A BALF which included the addition serum developed, and cell morphology, differential counts (DCC) repeatability counting DCC compared with those cytocentrifuged preparations. samples (n = 21) were collected from 5 control horses heaves‐susceptible horses. Smear preparations produced smaller, darker, staining cells, making...

The aim of this study was to investigate the use a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine in treatment headshaking horses. Fifteen geldings received two doses GnRH four weeks apart. Serum collected before and after vaccination measure concentrations luteinising (LH) (10 horses) follicle-stimulating (FSH) (six horses). Owners recorded frequency seven common behaviours using visual analogue scale (VAS) at two, four, eight, 12, 16 20 vaccination. LH (P=0.008) FSH (P=0.03) decreased...

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate whether initial equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) aliquots were more representative bronchial cytology that bronchiolar and alveolar cytology. Cell viability total nucleated (TCC), differential (DCC) absolute cell counts cytocentrifuged preparations 3 sequentially collected BALF ( Aliquots 1–3 ) compared with those pooled Aliquot 4 assess whetherall the lavaged lung segment. samples (n = 21) from control horses 5) orheaves‐affected...

Abstract Background Certain autistic characteristics (such as hyper‐focus and attention to detail) are valued by veterinary surgeons adults may disproportionately self‐select into the profession. Links between mental wellbeing retention in profession highlight an imperative profile surgeons’ identify protective factors. The psychosocial work environment represent one such factor. We aimed assess wellbeing, extent which their working conditions achieved UK government management standards...

Abstract Background Equine trigeminal‐mediated (TGM) headshaking (HS) is a neuropathic facial pain syndrome characterised by varying intensity and frequencies of head movements signs nasal irritation. An accurate method for quantification and/or characterisation HS severity lacking. Objectives To develop validate an objective measure TGMHS. Study design Prospective case control study. Methods Horses presenting investigation were recruited alongside those forelimb lameness (LAME) pre‐purchase...

The aim of this study was to develop a technique for recording electrical activity the equine cerebral cortex following application noxious stimulus maxillary branch trigeminal nerve in order investigate neurophysiology control and headshaking horses. Triphasic somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded using subcutaneous needle electrodes four horses under general anaesthesia. Dural electroencephalography used record SEPs one further horse. Headshaking appeared have decreased...

Cyathostomins are the principal pathogenic nematode of equidae worldwide. In other species mast cell (MC) proteinases, in particular chymases, appear to have protective roles. Knowledge equine intestinal immune response cyathostomins is limited.To investigate MC numbers and proteinase expression cyathostomin-infected large intestine.MC populations intestine positively associated with cyathostomin burden predominantly express chymase.The caecal naturally infected horses (n = 25) was...